Proceedings of Seventeenth Normal Institute 307 



When this condition was reanedied the health became better and 

 it was found that it cost 7 per cent less to heat the fresh air than 

 the impure air. He suggested that muslin curtains on a lath 

 frame be used for a school room. 



The question of the septic tank was then discussed by Professor 

 Ogden and Dr. Santee. Professor Ogden stated that the sus- 

 pended solids in the sewage settles out with a greater or less degree 

 of rapidity, depending on the size of the solid particles ; that 30 

 per cent, will never settle. In a tank having a capacity for 24 

 hours sewage, 60 per cent of the solids will settle. The effluent 

 contains all organic matter in solution and one-half of that which 

 is not settled out in suspension. One cannot state positively that 

 disease germs are destroyed in the septic tank. Usually disease 

 giBrms die quickly in the presence of putrefective bacteria. Dr. 

 Santee suggested that 48 feet of pipe should be used for the dis- 

 posal of the effluent ; that the tiles used be not too heavy and laid 

 almost level — 1/32 of an inch to a foot ; that eight feet should be 

 allowed per person in sandy loam and double that in light clay. 

 Care should be taken that the pipes be laid near enough to the sur- 

 face so that the effluent receives the action of the bacteria in the 

 soil. 



Dr. Matzke, resident physician for the young women of Cor- 

 nell, next addressed the women. She emphasized the need for 

 kitchen stability. She stated that women who are in the habit of 

 doing their work in a hit and miss way in the kitchen will follow 

 that same method in giving medicine. Better health will be ob- 

 tained by simpler clothing, more sunshine, the proper use of 

 blinds and shades, and cleanliness. She especially emphasized 

 the needs of the sick room ; that its furnishings should be simple 

 and washable, without dust catchers; that the supply closet 

 should be kept full; that no shades should be used so that plenty 

 of sunshine can come in, and -that in case of sickness nursing is 

 half the battle. She advised that practical demonstrations in 

 bed-making, bandaging and caring for the sick be included in 

 the programs for the farm women, and that emergency cases be 

 available to the fann women of the various communities. 



Friday 



Mrs. Harrington presiding. Mrs. Harrington introduced Pro- 

 fessor Rose who presented the work of the department of home 



