4:00 Report of Farmers' Institutes 



were cows in milk — on seventeen acres, may some day prove to be 

 a very practical plan for many farmers. Under conditions gen- 

 eral at that time, also at present, such, intensive methods are not 

 necessary nor are they generally profitable. The feeding of grain 

 to cows in order to get maximum milk production is necessary, 

 both summer and winter. While there may be times when the 

 pasture is so good that it is less economical to "feed gi'ain, an 

 addition of a small amount of grain will cause an increase in the 

 flow of milk. 



On many farms most of the gTain fed to cows has to be pur- 

 chased, and on some successful dairy farms all the grain is pur- 

 chased. On the average dairy farm too much of the proceeds from 

 the sale of milk is spent in purchasing feeds. When a dairyman 

 has gross receijits of $2,000 a year and a feed bill of $1,400 to 

 $1,600, it is not hard to see that milk is produced at the expense of 

 some other part of the farm. Many farmers have reduced this 

 cost of purchased feeds by growing better gTades of roughage and 

 by weeding out unprofitable cows in their herds. 



Milk production, when looked at from a farm-management 

 point of view, does not difi^er from any other business of pro- 

 duction; and the business principles relating it are readily 

 learned by the man who applies himself. The art of feeding is 

 not so easily learned ; and to some, who are temperamentally not 

 fitted. to be feeders of animals, it will always remain a stumbling 

 block to success. 



CLEAN MILK; ITS PRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE TO PRODUCER 



AND CONSUMER 



Prof. C. W. Larson 



Columbia University 



Milk is a food product, and it should be produced and handled 

 as such. Because of its nature, it is very easily contaminated with 

 disease germs, and for this reason every person in any way con- 

 nected with the handling of milk should be scrupulously clean in 

 his methods. It forms the entire diet of tens of thousands of 

 infants, children, and sick and convalescent persons, who are least 

 able to resist the effects of unclean milk. 



