406 Report of Farmers' Institutes 



while it is being poured over an open cooler. The cooler with 

 few joints and one that can be easily cleaned should be selected. 

 When it is not necessary to prepare the milk for immediate ship- 

 ment, it may be cooled by placing the cans in cold water. Ice 

 should be used during the very warm weather where the water is 

 not of low temperature or is of small volume. 



GREENHOUSE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION 



Paul Work * 



Superintendent, Department of Vegetable Gardening, Cornell University, 



Ithaca, N. Y. 



Time was when the housewife assumed that vegetable food would 

 be served during the summer and fall months of the year, and 

 when she likewise assumed that it was unavailable durins: the 

 winter and early spring months. Every effort on the part of 

 growers, greenhouse and transportation men, and canners to make 

 such food supply available throughout the year has -been gratefully 

 welcomed. The development in the use of glass has been one of 

 the most important factors in this movement. 



There are two ways in which glass is of service in lengthening 

 the season for vegetable foods. It is used for starting early plants, 

 which may be transplanted to the open ground, and which will 

 consequently yield their products earlier than if the seed had been 

 sown in the field. Glass is also used for growing crops to maturity 

 and thus delivering them to the consumer far outside their normal 

 season. The latter type of activity is commonly spoken of as 

 vegetable forcing or greenhouse vegetable production, and to this 

 we will confine our present discussion. 



THE MOST INTENSIVE FORM OF AGRICULTURE 



Vegetable forcing shares with greenhouse floriculture the dis- 

 tinction of being the most intensive form of agriculture. Intensive 

 agriculture involves the control of a larger proportion of the 

 growth factors than does extensive agriculture. The wheat grower 

 of the West exercises but slight control over soil conditions, and 

 contributes comparatively little to the production of the crop. 



*As Mr. Work was unable to be present, a lecture was delivered by Mr. W. B. Nissley, School 

 of Agriculture, Farmingdale, L. 1. 



