Follow-Up Work 493 



"May 5, 1916. Spraying fairly well done. Scale apparently 

 dead. Gave full instructions for destruction of insects of different 

 kinds. 



" May 19, 1916. Did not give second spray. Redbug and aphis 

 work found. Advised spray with nicotine added as soon as possible 

 after blossoms off. 



" June 23, 1916. Found conditions much improved. Apple 

 orchard in good' condition. One or two more sprays will be given 

 under advice." 



If the difficulty were not cleared up, or at least improvement 

 made, Mr. Witter found the reason. The following is a typical 

 example : 



" September 10, 1915. Tree by roadside source of infestation 

 by scale. Advised that it be cut down and proper spray be 

 applied. 



" May 4, 1916. This farmer not thorough enough. Trees well- 

 sprayed from one side only. Urged need of being thorough as best 

 I could." 



In many instaiTces, treatment was also advised for fungous 

 diseases, scab predominating and blight canker being plentifully 

 distributed. In one case a new peculiar type of blight was dis- 

 covered, which was at once submitted to the proper authorities, 

 and which is beinc; watched. Mr. Witter also found it necessarv 

 to give considerable attention to pruning, for in nine cases out of 

 ten this work was beinsr done altogether too severelv, and in some 

 cases orchards had been permanently injured. In several instances 

 Mr. Witter advocated lowering the sky line with very beneficial 

 results. Cover-cropping in the orchard was also recommended 

 nfany times, and- minute directions were given for the conduct of 

 the work. 



As in Wayne County, so in Yates, the chief interests of the 

 farmers were in their orchards. Here 24 farms were visited, and 

 41 calls were made. In general, conditions reported were similar 

 to those in Wayne County, but a few of the reports sent in lend 

 color to our description of the character of the work. Three of 

 these from three different farms are presented as follows: 



"Aug-ust 11, 1915. This was about the first farm visited when 

 I began this type of work. At that time there was a small pair of 



