494 Report of Faemees' Institutes 



mules for a team, no sprayer, an'd not mnch credit. Orchard in 

 poor condition. Now there is a good power sprayer, five good 

 horses, and good crops in general. I found Mr. B. gathering 

 Early Transparent apples, and shipping them to Baltimore. It 

 would be hard to find a greater improvement in general conditions 

 on a place in five years. The general condition was so good that 

 advice was not needed, but the cover crop was discussed. Words 

 cannot tell of the change that has been wrought since this farm 

 was first visited." 



" September 9, 1915. Mr. C. said that three years ago every- 

 thing was covered with scale, and the fruit could not be sold ; this 

 year they had not found scale on the fruit or limbs. He said that 

 this was due to the assistance he had received from the state. He 

 is very grateful." 



" July 9, 1915. The improvement in this old orchard has been 

 great. Two years ago the trees were too thick, the land was in 

 sod, and no spraying was done. At my request surplus trees were 

 cut out, the land was plowed and well cultivated in summer, with 

 cover crop in late summer and fall, and three good sprayings were 

 given a year. The result has been an entire change in color, ap- 

 pearance, and size of foliage, and annual bearing. To that fact 

 one can attribute the good load of fruit on the trees now, including 

 Baldwins. On young trees aphis was foimd, and remedy was 

 given," 



Instruction in subjects other than orcharding and fruit culture 

 related in a half-dozen instances to the construction of farm build- 

 ings, and in a number of others to drainage problems, the rearing 

 of pure-bred stock, the improvement of pasture and grasses, and 

 general farm management. 



In Tioga County, 43 farms were visited and 76 visits made. By 

 far the greatest needs in the tovmships of Tioga County were 

 instructions in pasture improvement and the use of lime and the 

 principles of drainage. In several instances aid was sought in 

 the planting of corn, buckwheat, millet, and in the treating of 

 seed potatoes. Occasionally, orchard and general farming problems 

 were discussed. One special problem was the rearranging of an 

 old cow stable, putting in a concrete floor, and determining the 

 size of the platform. A complete draft of the work was made that 

 proved entirely satisfactory to both proprietor and tenant. 



