Publications 523 



58. Can a vineyard be maintained through the use of commercial fer- 



tilizers? 



59. Of liow mucli value is two forlcs of stable manure per hill? 



60. Is it profitable to use car manure? 



61. Do fertilizers favor maturity of fruit and wood? 



62. How should manure be applied ? When ? 



63. How can manure be kept to the best advantage to retain the plant 



food? 



64. Which is the more economical fertilizer to buy — the low grade or 



tlie high? 



65. Is it possible to use too much manure in the vineyard? 



66. Can fertilizers or manure take the place of cultivation in the vine- 



yard? 



67. Is it more economical to buy mixed fertilizers or practice home 



mixing? 



68. Of what value is lime in the vineyard? What kind, and how much 



should be applied? 

 Peunixg 



69. 1 When should grapes be pruned? 



70. How many canes should be left? 



71. Is the cane and sjuir renewal method to be recommended? 



72. What are its advantages? 



73. How often should the old stems and arms be renewed? 



74. How should the renewal stem be cared for the first two years? 



75. Wliat are some of the objections to the Chautauqua or arm system? 



76. Are there other desirable methods of putting up the vines ? 



77. Describe the single-stem, two-cane Kniffen method of training? 



78. Describe the umbrella Kniffen system. 



79. What are their advantages? 



80. Should all varieties be trained the same? 



81. How should the young vineyard be pruned the first two years after 



planting? 



82. Is summer pruning a profitable practice with commercial Concord 



vineyards ? 

 Diseases 



83. What is the cause of dead arm? How should it be treated? 



84. What is powdery mildew? Wliat conditions favor it? How may it 



be controlled? 



85. What causes "shelling"? Can it be controlled? 



86. Are these diseases carried through cutting wood? 



87. What is the cause of the leaves drying out and dying, and the check- 



ing of ripening of fruit and wood? 



88. WTiat conditions favor winter injury? How is such injury mani- 



fested? 



89. How should winter -injured vines be treated? 



Miscellaneous 



90. Is there danger of an overproduction of table grapes? 



91. Is the growing of other fruits more profitable than grape growing? 



