Proceedings of Seventeenth Normal Institute 107 



The right care of the forest implies such operations as clean- 

 ing the stand by removing undesirable individual trees and those 

 of commercially worthless species ; making thinnings at five- or 

 ten-year intervals in young stands, so that the best shaped and 

 most vigorous individuals shall have the advantage, thus enabling 

 them to make faster and better growth; and leaving seed trees, 

 or otherwise regulating the final cut, so that the forest may be 

 perpetuated and other and better crops follow in their appointed 

 season. 



Protection of the forest covers not only guarding against fire — 

 the arch enemy of all woodland — but also, so far as is prac- 

 ticable, protecting against insect and fungous enemies, and other 

 forms of injury that can be controlled. To be protected the 

 forest does not have to be locked up against use. On the contrary, 

 the forester's ideal is the perpetuation of the forest through wise 

 use. This is the keynote of all of forest work — use plus con- 

 tinuity of supply. 



UTILIZATION 



The third division of proper forest management, utilization, 

 is essentially the business aspect of the case. To sell any product 

 one must first know what he has on hand ; next, he must under- 

 stand how to get his product to a market ; and third, he must know 

 how to sell it, that is, what it is worth and who wants it. Probablv 

 there are as many woodlot owners who have an exaggerated idea 

 of the value of their growing timber as there are those who under- 

 value what they have. The latter are apt to suffer at the hands of 

 those who know just what they want and what it will bring. The 

 former often lose good chances to sell through holding on at a 

 figure which is not justified by the demand. Both classes need 

 to improve their business methods. They both need to learn 

 where and who the buyers are who will pay fair prices, or to see 

 if there are not special markets where the demand is for particu- 

 lar sizes, grades or kinds of timber. This knowledge is as much 

 a part of proper woodlot management as is an understanding of 

 the best, easiest and cheapest way of getting the logs from the 

 woods to the mill. 



All this is but the application of business common sense. But 

 unfortunately one does not have to go far in any neighborhood, in 



