10 THE MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



3. The duties of the President iu case of his absence or disability 

 shall be assumed by one of the Vice-Presidents who shall be designated 

 by the Council. 



The Vice-Presidents shall be chairmen of their respective Sections. 

 They shall encourage and direct research in the special branches of 

 science included within the Sections over which they preside. 



4. The Secretary shall keep the records of the proceedings of the 

 Academy, and a complete list of the members, with the dates of their 

 election and disconnection with the Academy. He shall also be the 

 Secretary of the Council. ' . 



The Secretary shall co-operate with the President in attending to 

 the ordinary affairs of the Society. He shall attend to the preparations, 

 printing and mailing of circulars, blanks, and notifications of elections 

 and meetings. He shall superintend other printing ordered by the 

 Academy, or by the President, and shall have charge of its distribution 

 under the direction of the Council. 



The Secretary, unless other provision be made, shall also act as 

 Editor of the publications of the Academy and as Librarian and Custo- 

 dian, of property. 



5. The Treasurer shall have the custody of all funds of the Academy. 

 He shall keep an account of receipts and disbursements in detail, and 

 this account shall be audited as hereinafter provided. 



0. The Academy may elect an Editor to supervise all matters con- 

 nected with the publication of the transactions of the Academy, under 

 the direction of the Council, and to perform the duties of Librarian 

 until such time as the Academy shall make that an independent office. 



7. The Council is clothed with executive authority, and with the 

 legislative powers of the Academy in the intervals between the latter's 

 meetings; but no extraordinary act of the Council shall remain in force 

 beyond the next following stated meeting, without ratification by the 

 Academy. The Council shall have control of the publications of the 

 Academy, under the provisions of the By-Laws and of the resolutions from 

 time to time adopted. It shall receive nominations for members, and 

 on approval, shall submit such nominations to the Academy for action. 

 It shall have power to fill vacancies ad intcriin, in any of the offices of 

 the Academy. 



8. Terms of Office. The President and Trcasni-er shall be elected 

 annually, and shall not be eligible to re-election for an interval of three 

 years after retiring from office. The Vice-Presidents, Secretary, and the 

 Editor shall be elected annually and be eligible to re-election without 

 limitation. [Section 8 was amended April 1, 1898, to read as follows: 

 The President, Vice-Presidents, Secretarj^ Treasurer, and Editor shall be 

 elected annually, and be eligible to re-election without limitation.] 



ARTICLE V : Voting and Elections. 



1. All elections shall be by ballot. To elect a Resident Member, Cor- 

 responding Member, Honorary Member, or Patron or impose any special 

 tax shall require the assent of three-fourths of all Resident Members 

 voting. 



2. Any member may be expelled by a vote of nine-tenths of all mem- 



