AN ACCOUNT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING. 23 



leges. It was brought out tliat not much pm'e agriculture can be taught 

 in the common schools of the State but principally those subjects which 

 are accessories of that subject. Loxgyear. 



SECJTION OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. 



Owing to the absence of Messrs. Lane and Leverett, who were down for 

 papers, the section of geography and geology did not meet on Thursday 

 but on Friday and Saturday instead. The Friday session was opened by 

 the presentation of three paj^ers by Dr. Lane on ''The Theory of Copper 

 Deposition," "The Development of the Igneous Magma," and on "Artes- 

 ian Wells Along the North Shore of Lake Michigan," being the substance 

 of material to be contained in his annual report. The next paper by Prof. 

 I. C. Russell was upon 'The Glaciers of the Three Sister Peaks. Oregon," 

 illustrated by a fine series of lantern slides. The shelves produced by the 

 different rates of weathering of dirt bands at the end of the ice were 

 especially well brought out. The case in which the Huron River had cut 

 off one of its own tributaries near Rawsonville, Michigan, was presented 

 by Isaiah BoAvman of Ypsilanti with good lantern slides. H. W. Berger 

 presented a paper upon "Gravel Deposits on Marl at the shore of Bass 

 Lake, Livingston county, Michigan." He showed that the gravel was really 

 aggregated lime, and in the discussion following Prof. C. A. Davis remark- 

 ed that these were the formations due to blue and green alga;, known 

 in New York as water biscuit. Prof. Jefferson presented lantern slides 

 showing a part of the valley of the Yuma river, Cuba, which is too large 

 for its stream and suggested that it might be due to caves and sink holes. 

 He also presented a paper of interest to botanists as well as geologists and 

 geographers on the eft'ects of wind especially on trees, showing the effects 

 of dominant winds and the reaction of ditTerent kinds of trees thereto. 

 This was finely illustrated by lantern slides and half tones many of which 

 have appeared in an article in the National Geographical Magazine. 

 Prof. F. W. Kelsey of the Classical department presented a paper on 

 "\'esuvius before the p]ru])tion of '79," with a large number of maps, 

 diagrams, and models. The result of his study was to bring him into 

 agreement with the view of Palmeri that before the eruption which buried 

 Ponipei the old crater was nearly flat but surrounded partly on one side 

 by the ring ^lonte Somma. In the absence of Mr. Leverett, owing to 

 serious illness of his father, a pa])er on the "Bed Rock Topography of the 

 Southern Peninsula of Michigan," was briefly presented in his absence. 

 He had prepared a series of maps showing the bed rock topography, the 

 ice area being over 1,000 feet above the level of Hillsdale; the extension 

 of the ice which moved along the lower parts of the bed rock, and a map 

 showing the topography of the present surface which reaches 1.700 feet 

 above sea level in Oscoda county. 



Prof. Jefferson was elected chairman of the section and vice-president 

 of the society for the coming year. Lane. 



