New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 445 



referred to and shown at Plate XIX, fig. 1. These are the female 

 scales and they are in a very large majority. The male scales are 

 much smaller, and more regular in outline. The posterior portion 

 of the scale is also very different in that it is hinged so as to 

 allow the mature male to escape. 



In color, the male and female scales are similar, both finallv 

 becoming an ash gray tint. The mature male is a delicate two- 

 winged insect very different in appearance from the female. A 

 mature male is shown in Plate XX, fig. 1, a, and a mature female,^ 

 with 'her Sicale removed, at e. 



The eggs are laid during the middle of the summer, the body 

 of the female growing smaller as each one is produced until 

 finally there is little left but a withered skin. The eggs remain 

 under the scales all winter, finally hatching in the spring a» 

 previously stated. 



Means of distribution. — As the scale passes the fall, winter, and 

 part of the spring in the egg stage, the eggs being protected by 

 the scales, it is evident that the insect may be easily distributed 

 by means of infested stock. When the trees are not badly in- 

 fested the scales are easily overlooked, and thus as each scale 

 protects thirty or forty eggs, a nursery tree even slightly infested 

 may finally harbor enough scales to do very serious injury in the 

 orchard. 



Remedial measures. — Badh' infested nursery trees should be 

 dug up and burned. Where especially choice trees or" shrubs are 

 infested they may be successfully treated either by applying a 

 wash during the winter or by spraying in the spring while the 

 young lice are active. For a winter wash either kerosene emul- 

 sion or whale oil soap may be used. The kerosene emulsion 

 should be diluted with three parts of water, and the whale oil 

 soap* used at a strength of one pound to two gallons of water. 



Before applying the wash the infested parts should either be 

 scraped gently or rubbed with a stiff scrubbing brush to loosen 

 the scales. This allows the insecticide to reach the eggs which 

 would otherwise be protected by the scales. For spring treat- 



*ln buying whale oil soap much pains should be taken to get a good article. Much 

 of the soap on the market is very poor. The Leggett brand has proven of good quality^ 

 also that manufactured by Jas. Good, Philadelphia, Pa. 



