446 Report of the Entomologists of the 



ment, spray the trees as soon as the young lice appear. Either 

 kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap solution may be used. The 

 former should be diluted with seven parts of water and the latter 

 used at a strength of one pound to seven gallons of water. 



Where practical the winter treatment is preferable, as many of 

 the young scales may be easily missed. In case of badly infested 

 trees, however, both the winter and spring treatment may be 

 given with excellent effect. 



The Scurfy Bark-lousb. 

 Chionaspis furfurus Fitch. 



Like the oyster-shell bark-louse, this species occasionally be- 

 comes sufficiently abundant to do serious injur;\\ We have seen 

 it in the nursery as often as the other species, and have found it 

 doing very serious injury in at least one large pear orchard in the 

 State. 



History. — Although this species is less frequently mentioned in 

 the writings of early American entomologists, it was well known 

 at an early date as an injurious species. B. D. Walsh and other 

 writers on American entomology mentioned it as early as 1860, 

 Since that time it has been frequently mentioned by American 

 writers. , i 



Present distHhution. — According to Dr. Howard* this species is 

 now known to occur in the District of! Columbia and twenty 

 states, including Massachusetts on the east, Georgia on the south 

 and southern California on the west. The same writer also states 

 that it has been recently reported in England. It is undoubtedly 

 widely distributed in this State. Up to this date we have re- 

 ceived specimens from Erie, Niagara, Monroe, Wayne, Ontario, 

 Yates, Schnyler, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Columbia, Queens 

 and Suffolk counties. 



Food plants. — The most common food plants for the scurfy 

 bark-louse are apple and pear. In the nurseries we have found 

 it more abundant on pear trees than on any other stock. In one 

 instance nearly all the trees in a small block of standard pears 



■ ^ 



•Year Book U. S. Dept Agr. 1894, p. 259. 



