454 Report of the Entomologists of the 



From the above lists it will be seen that the scale may be 

 found on practically all classes of nursery stock grown in the 

 east. It is not known to attack citrus fruits. 



Descriptions and life history. — ^A good idea of the general ap- 

 pearance of the scale is given in Plate XXI, figs. 1 to 4. Here the 

 scales are shown natural size and enlarged on both twigs and 

 fruit. The female scales are greatly in excess of the males, which 

 is the case with most other scale insects. The following 

 description is taken from Bui. 3 (new series), U. S. Department 

 of Agriculture Division of Entomology, by Howard and Marlatt, 

 p. 46: " The scale of the female is circular, very slightly raised 

 centrally, and varies in diameter from 1 to 2 mm., averaging 

 about 1.4 mm. The exuviae is central or nearly so. The large 

 well-developed scales are gray, excepting the central part 

 covering the exuviae, which varies from pale to reddish yellow, 

 although in some cases dark colored. The scale is usually smooth 

 exteriorly or sometimes slightly annulated, and the limits of the 

 larval scale are always plainly marked. The natural color of the 

 scale is frequently obscured by the presence of the sooty fungus 

 [Fumago salicina]. 



The microscopic characteristics of the mature female are 

 shown at Plate XX, fig. 2. At 6 the ornamentation of the anal 

 plaite is shown. This is of especial value in determining the 

 species. Those who wish to make microscopical examination of 

 the insect to determine the species^ will find that the character- 

 istics of the anal plate can be brought out by boiling the insect 

 for a few minutes in a weak solution of caustic potash, then 

 washing, then, after placing in alcohol for a short time, cleaning 

 in oil of cloves or other convenient cleaning solution. The speci- 

 men should then be mounted in balsam. The male scale is darker 

 than the female scale, " oblong oval " in shape, " nearly twice 

 as long as wide and about half the diameter of the female scale." 

 (Howard and Marlatt.) The mature male is a delicate two 

 winged insect, orange yellow in color excepting the head, which 

 is somewhat darker. 



The main points of the insect's life history may be briefly 

 stated as follows: In this climate, if an infested tree is ex- 



