456 Report of the Entomologists of the 



or orchard. An illustration of this was noticed in one of the 

 nurseries previously referred to. In this nursery it is evident 

 that the scales were first introduced on a few trees. These are 

 very badly infested, those in their immediate vicinity less so and 

 those four or five rods away still less. Along the road border- 

 ing this nursery and about forty rods away are a dozen or more 

 pear trees which have been in bearing about two years. These 

 are healthy, vigorous trees and are only very slightly infested 

 having evidently become infested only within the past year. It 

 seems very probable that the only way the scales could have been 

 brought to these trees was by some of the means above referred 

 to. 



It is undoubtedly safe to say that the scale is sent broadcast 

 over the country by means of nursery stock more than in any 

 other way. It is true that infested pears from California have 

 frequently been found on fruit stands in some of our eastern 

 cities, but there is very much less chance of spreading the scale 

 in this way than by infested nursery stock. Infested trees dug 

 either in the fall or spring will carry dormant scales. 



Remedial measures. — Various insecticides have been tested in 

 the east against this insect. Eight of the most important of 

 these are discussed in Bulletin No. 87 of this Station. The insec- 

 ticide which has proved the most successful in the east is whale 

 oil soap. This should be applied at least twice to the infested 

 trees in the fall after the leaves have fallen, at a strength of two 

 pounds to a gallon of water. Another application should be 

 made in the spring before the buds begin to swell. A portion 

 of an infested plum orchard which was carefully sprayed with 

 whale oil soap at this strength was practically freed from the 

 scale after two applications. It is important to have good whale 

 oil soap. That manufactured by Leggett Bros., 301 Pearl Street, 

 New York, and by James Good, 514-518 Hurst Street, Philadel- 

 phia, is highly recommended. Dr. J. B. Smith* recommends a 

 fish oil soap, which can be made after the following formula: 



Concentrated lye 31^ pounds. 



Water 714 gallons. 



Fish oil 1 gallon. 



•N. J. Agr. Exp. Staa. Rept. 1896, p. B69. 



