New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 453 



areas about oviposition wounds in the bark of apple trees. The 

 areas of infection in their external appearances and effects resemble 

 superficially certain stages of the common apple cankers. Cultural 

 and microscopical studies indicate that during 1913 a fungus, 

 Leptosphceria coniothyrium (Fckl.) Sacc, was, in the majority 

 of cases, the infecting organism. 



The narrow-winged tree cricket has feeding habits similar to 

 the foregoing species. It is common in apple orchards, and has 

 been observed in considerable numbers on alders and scrub and 

 burr oaks. As with niveus, various disorders of bark may attend 

 oviposition in apple trees. 



The striped tree cricket, unlike the preceding species, prefers, 

 for the reception of its eggs, plants which have a central pith sur- 

 rounded by a woody outer layer. Oviposition occurs in many plants, 

 but the eggs are deposited most abundantly in raspberry, black- 

 berry, Erigeron canadensis, and the larger species of Solidago. 

 The eggs are placed in a series, forming a single row in the current 

 year's growth, and with raspberries have ranged in number from 

 two to eighty or more eggs in a row. This species feeds on anthers 

 and petals of flowers, raspberry leaves and fruit. Leaf tissues, 

 fungus mycelium and spores constituted a large part of the crop 

 contents of a number of specimens that were examined. This 

 species has attained its standing as a destructive pest because of 

 its injurious work on raspberry and blackberry. The injuries it 

 causes arise from the long series of punctures which it produces 

 in canes during the process of egg laying. As a result of the rup- 

 turing of woody tissues the cane splits at the point of injury and 

 becomes so weakened that it eventually breaks down from the 

 weight of the upper growth or from twisting by the wind. 



These insects have, throughout their normal range of distribution, 

 a number of natural enemies. The most common and efficient of 

 these are egg parasites, of which there are eight species. These 

 are hymenopterons, three species belonging to the Chalcidoidea 

 and five species to the Proctotrypoidea. Of the species of tree 

 crickets discussed, nigricornis appears to be most subject to 

 parasitism. 



Tree crickets are amenable to standard orchard operations. 

 Cultivation to destroy foreign vegetation, as weeds and brush, 

 about and in plantings of fruit, and to keep the ground about trees 



