New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 949 



a projecting watery lump which may remain for twenty minutes 

 after the insect has fully emerged. 



The young larva assists its own emergence by movements of fore 

 legs and twistings of the body, and when about half out of the orifice 

 pulls its long antennae out by grasping them with its mouth parts 

 at different points along their length and pulling gently. 



Each of the five nymphal stages, or instars, lasts about a week 

 or ten days, with much overlapping of the stages. The change 

 from each stage to the next means a molting of the old skin, and 

 emergence clothed in a new and larger suit. With each change 

 the wing pads become more prominent, but the other variations 

 are inconsiderable, so that the nymphs look very much alike at all 

 stages; but the adults are notably changed by the long, gauzy wings. 



The mature forms begin to appear about the first of August and 

 from that time until late in October, their songs may be heard every 

 favorable night. 



The " song " of the tree cricket is not, of course, 



The cricket a true song, but a more or less musical sound made 

 songs. by the rasping of one wing over the other, the volume 

 being increased by a resonator-like expansion of a 

 portion of the fore wing near the base. In trilling, the wings are raised 

 vertically and vibrated rapidly from side to side, the rasp of the 

 right wing lapping over the scraper-like edge of the left. With the 

 snowy cricket the song is one of the most conspicuous and musical 

 of the common insect sounds of late summer and autumn; a clear, 

 mellow whistle resembling the words treat, treat, treat, pitched about 

 in C, two octaves above middle C, on a warm evening rising to D. 

 These clear, high-pitched trills are repeated rhythmically for an 

 indefinite length of time, with considerable variation between indi- 

 viduals in quality, intensity, pitch and rapidity of notes and with 

 a tendency of the insects in a restricted site — a raspberry planta- 

 tion, clump of bushes or trees or a single tree — to sing in unison. 



The song of the narrow-winged tree cricket is about a half tone 

 higher than that of the snowy cricket, about C% to D# instead of 

 C to D, is not so loud, is longer both in notes and in rests and is not 

 rhythmical in character. Each trill lasts from one to five seconds, 

 but most commonly about two seconds, and the rests vary from 

 one to eight seconds or longer. The song is more mournful in 

 quality than that of its snowy relative, and so much feebler that 

 it is not noticeable without special attention where the two species 

 are in equal numbers. 



The striped tree cricket makes a shrill, continuous, whir-r-r-r-r-r-ring 

 trill, like the sound of a small tin whistle, continuing sometimes 

 for several minutes. It is much higher in pitch than that either 

 of the other two species — about F# on an average summer evening. 

 Unlike the other species it sings in the daytime as well as at night, 

 though the full chorus does not join in until toward evening. 



