'New Yoek Agkicultueal Experiment Station. 177 



whicli the amount of the disease was considerably reduced by 

 spraying with Bordeaux mixture. This, also, indicates a parasitic 

 origin. On the other hand Craig^^ says that spraying does not 

 seem to prevent it, and this coincides with our own limited obser- 

 vations. 



The descriptions given by the several authors whose work is 

 mentioned above agree quite closely, and yet it is highly probable 

 that they have been dealing with two or more distinct diseases. 

 We have here an illustration of the desirability of more complete 

 descriptions of the gross characters of plant diseases. 



During the past season the writer has made an investigation 

 into the cause of one of these fruit-spot diseases of the apple. It 

 is a disease of the Baldwin and is generally known throughout 

 ISTew York State as the " Baldwin spot " or " Baldwin fruit spot." 

 Although it undoubtedly originated somewhat earlier, it was not 

 observed until the fruit was gathered, about October 7. The 

 owner of the orchard estimated that a trifle less than two per ct. 

 of the fruits were affected; however, on individual trees the per- 

 centage was much higher than this. The orchard had been 

 thoroughly sprayed four times — twice before and twice after blos- 

 soming. It was well cultivated and is in all respects one of the 

 best managed orchards in the vicinity of Geneva. 



On the surface of the fruit the spots were very conspicuous. 

 They varied in color from light brown to dark brown. Their 

 general shape was circular, but very few were perfect circles. 

 Sometimes they were quite irregular, but always with the corners 

 well rounded and sharply delimited from the healthy tissue. The 

 spots were slightly sunken, with the epidermis smooth, shiny and 

 unbroken. In size they varied from a mere speck to one-fourth 

 inch in diameter, the majority having a diameter of about one- 

 eighth of an inch. The smallest spots might show no brown 

 color at all, but be indicated merely by a deeper red color of the 

 skin if situated upon the colored part of the fruit, or by a green 



18 Loc. cit. 



12 



