178 Report of the Botanist of the 



color if situated upon the lighter portion. The number of spots 

 on individual fruits varied from two or three up to as many 

 as seventy-five, distributed irregularly over the calyx half 

 of the fruit. It is jin interesting fact, and one which may throw 

 some light on the cause of the trouble, that the stem half of the 

 fruit is almost invariably free from spots even when they are 

 numerous on the calyx half. 



Underneath the surface spots the tissue is light brovm, dry and 

 spongy for a distance of one-eighth to three-sixteenths of an inch. 

 This spongy tissue is not bitter to the taste^^ or at least but slightly 

 so. At the time the fruits were gathered the spongy tissue was 

 found only underneath the surface spots, but after they had lain 

 some three weeks in the laboratory many brown spots were found 

 distributed irregularly through the flesh of the calyx half of the 

 fruit, but not in the stem half. These spots were irregular in 

 shape, indefinite in outline and in many cases entirely surrounded 

 by healthy tissue. 



Several other varieties of apples of this State are affected with 

 spots similar to those on the Baldwin, but the following study was 

 confined to the Baldwin spot here described, and the conclusions 

 apply to this one form only. 



]\Iicroscoi3ic examination of the affected tissue revealed no 

 fungus hyphse and no bacteria which could be definitely demon- 

 strated as such. Commencing October 7, two of the affected 

 Baldwins were kept for 21 days in a moist chamber at a temper- 

 ature of 65° to 74° Fahr. During this time the spots did not 

 enlarge (externally, at least), no fungus appeared upon them and 

 they did not increase in number upon the surface although they 

 did increase in number within the fruit.^ When these apples 



19 This is a point on which the spot disease under consideration diflFers from 

 the descriptions of Jones and Cobb. 



20 The reason for believing that the spots increased in number within the 

 fruit, is as follows: When the apples were taken from the trees, many of 

 them were cut open, and in no case were the spots found, except immediately 

 under the epidermis ; but after affected apples from the same lot had been off 

 the trees for about three weeks, they universally showed brown spots scat- 

 tered through the flesh quite to the core. 



