ISTew York Agricultural Experiment Station. 405 



ance which is commonly called "scald." It is not caused by any 

 fungus. Jones^ has made some investigations concerning the cause 

 of scald. The following account is based on his reports. 



Description.- — ■ The scald first appears as a light brownish tinge 

 of the skin either in fairly well defined spots or more or less dif- 

 fused. The discolored areas enlarge with more or less rapidity 

 ooalescing until the entire surface of the apple may be involved. 

 At the same time the color changes from a lighter to a darker 

 brown shade and usually terminates in a black rot. At the begin- 

 ning of the trouble the flesh appears sound, the discoloration in- 

 volving only the outer cells of the fruit. Afterwards, the flesh 

 also becomes discolored and is finally invaded, in most cases, by 

 some fungus, but the primary cause of the scald cannot be attrib- 

 uted to any fungus or other parasite. 



It appears certain that the primary cause of the scald is to be 

 found in climatic and orchard conditions, the conditions of the 

 storehouse being secondary. The fruit which is grown and 

 matured under favorable conditions can be carried through the 

 normal season of keeping for fruit of that variety without the 

 appearance of the scald. If grojvn under unfavorable conditions 

 the fruit requires very careful attention to the temperature and 

 perhaps other store-room conditions if it is kept for any length of 

 time without scalding. 



SOOTY BLOTCH. 



(Phyllachora pomigcna (Schw.) Sacc.) 



Description^ etc. — In wet seasons and especially in damp, shady 

 situations, apples are subject to the attacks of the fungus which 

 causes sooty blotches on the fruit. These blotches are sooty- 

 black, circular, and measure from one-fourth to one-half an inch 

 in diameter. Frequently the blotches coalesce, giving the fruit 

 a sooty, dirty appearance. 



3 Jones, L. R. Vt. Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Kept. 189G-1897: 55-59 and 1897- 

 1898: 198. 



