406 Report of the Hokticulturist of the 



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Sooty blotch is sometimes mistaken for scab. A striking point 

 of difference between the two diseases is the manner in which 

 they attack the fruit. Sooty blotch is confined to the surface of 

 the fruit and may be readily removed by rubbing, while the scab 

 destroys the cuticle ( outer layer of the skin) thus making a spot 

 which cannot be removed by rubbing. 



Being superficial in its growth, the fungus does the fruit no 

 harm except to make it unsightly and, consequently, less salable. 



Under favorable conditions sooty blotch may appear upon 

 almost any variety, but it seems to have a preference for some of 

 the fair skinned varieties such as Bellflower, Fall Pippin and 

 Ehode Island Greening. Pears, also, are subject to it. 



Treatment. — In orchards sprayed for apple scab the fruit will 

 not, ordinarily, suffer much either from sooty blotch or the fly 

 speck disease. However, for the best results with both of these 

 diseases it seems necessary to make one or two sprayings in July 

 in addition to those made in treating apple scab. 



APPLE IISTSECTS. 



BORERS. 



Several species of borers attack the apple tree. As a rule they 

 will be found in the trunk, but occasionally in the larger liinbs. 

 A small species sometimes infests the twigs. The presence of the 

 grubs is usually indicated by the discolored bark and by their 

 castings. The following species are most commonly met with in 

 this State : 



THE FLif*r-HEADED APPLE-TREE BORER. 



(ChrysohotJiris femorata Pab.) 



Description. — The female beetle lays its eggs in the bark late in 

 June or in July. These hatch in a few days and the grubs at 

 once gnaw their way into the sap-wood where they live and feed 

 from one to three years before reaching full size. A short time 

 before pupation they go deeper into the solid wood. The adults 



