410 Keport of the Horticulturist of the 



become larger and stronger they devour the entire leaf with the 

 exception of the midrib and large veins. They also attack the 

 flower buds, flowers and fruit. 



About the middle of May the case bearers have become full 

 grown and are ready to pupate. They have enlarged their houses 

 as their growing bodies demanded until now the cases measure 

 about one-fourth of an inch in length. The case-bearers migrate 

 to the twigs and attach their homes firmly on end to the bark. 

 Before the transformation to the pupa stage takes place the cater- 

 pillars turn around in their cases so that their heads are toward 

 the upper or curved ends. The pupa stage lasts about two weeks. 



The principal difference in appearance between these two 

 species is apparent at this time. The case of the cigar-case- 

 bearer is straight and closely resembles a miniature cigar; while, 

 as previously stated, that of the pistol-case-bearer slightly re- 

 sembles an old fashioned pistol. 



The adults of both species are moths measuring about half an 

 inch from tip to tip when the wings are spread. The color of 

 the former is steel gray, the latter is marked with brown. The 

 moths apjjear during the latter part of May or early in June. 

 The eggs of both species are deposited singly on the under sides 

 of the leaves. They hatch in about ten days or two weeks. The 

 young caterpillars feed on the tender pulp of the leaf. During 

 September they migrate to the smaller branches and twigs, to 

 remain until spring. Thus there is but one annual generation. 



Treatment. — For general treatment advocated against these 

 insects see page 417. The first treatment is of especial impor- 

 tance, the object being to have the buds coated with poison so that 

 the first meal of the little caterpillars will be a poisoned one. A 

 second application may be made just as the leaves unfold and a 

 third if needed. 



CANKER WX)RMS. 



Although there are several species of canker worms quite com- 

 mon to the apple orchards of the State there are but two species 



