412 Report of the Horticulturist of the 



moths of the fall cauker worm. They will then be in place for 

 the earliest moths of the spring species. 



Second, the caterpillars may be successfully combated by spray- 

 ing the trees with Paris green or some other equall}'- effective 

 arsenical insecticide. See page 417. Two and occasionally three 

 applications are usually necessary. Make the first application 

 just as the young leaves are unfolding, and the second about a 

 week later. 



Regular annual spraying with a good arsenical compound is 

 especially important in this case. Orchards thus treated are not 

 as likely to become seriously infested with these and other leaf 

 eating insects as the orchards which are sprayed irregularly or 

 not at all. 



FRUIT INSECTS. 

 CODLING MOTH. 



{Carpocaiosa ijomonella Linn.) 



Descriptions. — This is the insect that causes " wormy " apples. 

 The recent investigations of "Washburn, Card and Slingerland 

 have throAvn new light on certain stages of its life-history. It i& 

 now knowu that the eggs, which are whitish, oval discs, may be 

 laid promiscuously upon the fruit or even upon the twigs and 

 leaves. It is probable that they are not laid until after the blos- 

 soms have fallen. The period of incubation is about a week. 



According to Slingerland^ about 75 per ct. of the caterpillars 

 enter the fruit at the blossom end. The caterpillars of the second 

 brood often enter on the side of the fruit. They are full grown in 

 twenty to thirty days. When once within the fruit they usually 

 remain until ready to pupate. The cocoons are made in any con- 

 venient, protected place, as under the loose bark of the trunk or 

 larger branches of the tree, or in near-by rubbish. Some of Xhe 

 caterpillars remain in the cocoons over winter, while others soon 

 transform \o the pupa stage forming a more or less complete sec- 



5 Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 142: 21. 



