54 IjL'KEAU Oi" I'AKMKlis' INSTITUTES. 



The man who sprays as indicated need fear no new leaf-ealing 

 insects or disease that Bordeaux will prevent. I asked a friend of 

 mine in Orleans county if he did not dread the canker-worm get- 

 ting into his orchard, as it was all through the orchards in that 

 section. I have heard Prof. Bailey say that he could actually 

 hear them eat. He replied: "My trees are annually covered 

 with poison, and I have no fear of the canker-worm." That was 

 several years ago, and his orchard is as free from canker-worms as 

 it was then. I have seen the time when we took 47 large nests 

 of the tent caterpillar from a single tree. For five years I have 

 not had to remove a nest from my large orchards where we have 

 sprayed, while a young one not in bearing and never sprayed we 

 had to go through twice last summer and remove the nests by 

 hand. Why? Because a thorough system of spraying had held 

 them in check and destroyed them. 



Spraying is working by faith, which is a great deal harder than 

 working by sight. Here is a little fungus, or insect, so small that 

 few here have ever seen it. We have to take some one's word for 

 what it is, where it is, and what will destroy it. To him who has 

 never sprayed I say, don't do it unless you are thoroughly per- 

 suaded in your own mind that it is the proper thing to do. Then 

 know what particular object you are going to spray, the life-his- 

 tory of the insect, or nature of the disease, with what or how can 

 you prevent or destroy it. I believe that only to the man who 

 so acts will success in this direction come. 



To illustrate, take the scab fungi. One scientific man says that 

 they are so small they cannot be seen with the naked eye, but are 

 present in our orchards in a latent state, ready to develop under 

 favorable conditions, such as high temperature and moist atmos- 

 phere, during which they spread and multiply with enormous 

 rapidity. Bordeaux mixture applied over the whole tree will pre- 

 vent their spread, as the fungi cannot live when they come in con- 

 tact with the mixture. This means the trunk, limbs, twigs, leaves 

 and fruit. Simply to throw a little combination of water, vitriol, 

 lime and poison at the tree after the fungus has spread, will do 

 but little good, while properly made and applied it will not only 



