Injurious Insects and How to Control Them. 69 



plate 4 shows the calyx lobes open and in the right condition for 

 spraying and figure 4 the condition when the calyx lobes have 

 closed and the impossibility of throwing the poison where it will 

 be most effective. It may be well to delay spraying a few days 

 after the blossoms have fallen so as to reduce to a minimum the 

 danger of having the poison washed out of the blossom cup by 

 rains, but delay beyond a certain period is dangerous because the 

 calyx lobes in most varieties of apples close in about two weeks 

 after the petals fall and then it is too late to do effective work 

 against this insect. Ample time allowance should be made, as 

 the spraying may be hindered by bad weather. The spray should 

 be rather coarse because then it fills the calyx cup more readily. 

 There is practically no danger in spraying young apples with 

 arsenical poisons. 



Those who do not or can not resort to spraying must depend on 

 the destruction of the infested fruit shortly after it falls. One 

 correspondent found comparative immunity from this pest by 

 allowing hogs to run under his apple trees. Sheep or other do- 

 mestic animals could be utilized in the same manner to good ad- 

 vantage in certain cases. As the apple worms leave the fruit 

 when full grown and spin cocoons under shelters on the trunks, 

 banding the trees and destroying the cocoons found underneath 

 aids materially in reducing the numbers of this pest. Scrape the 

 trunk smooth and apply a band of cheap paper, burlap or similar 

 material in June. These bands should be examined every ten 

 days till August and then once in the fall, destroying all found 

 under the shelter. As many of the pests are liable to be carried 

 into the fruit cellar, it is always wise to prevent the escape of the 

 moths in the spring by covering all openings with fine wire net- 

 ting. • 



Biirjar maple barer. — The sugar maples in many villages show 

 most serious injury by the sugar maple borer, Plagiomtus 

 speciosus. This insect is specially dangerous because the large, 

 white, fleshy grubs thrive in healthy trees and have the perniciout 

 habit of running their large burrows throngh the inner bark and 

 sap wood. As many of these burrows have a transverse, oblique 



