Injurious Insects and How to Control Them. 75 



2 Codling moth {Carpocapsa pomonella). Familiar as the worm boring 

 in apples near the core. The winter is passed in small cavities under 

 sheltering bark or in crevices. 



Treatment: band trees and kill worms collecting under them; destroy 

 wormy apples, spray with poison when calyx lobes are open. Prevent 

 escape of the moths from fruit houses and cellars. 



3 Cigar case beai-er {Coleoplwra flctcherella). Small caterpillars in cigar- 

 shaped cases feeding on buds and foliage of apple. 



Treatment: spray infested trees with poison in early spring. 



4 Pistol case bearer {Coleoplwra malivorella). Small caterpillar in pistol 

 shaped cases feeding on the young leaves and opening flower of the apple. 



Treatment: spray infested trees with poison in early spring. 



5 Apple leaf Bucculatrix {Bncculatrix pomifoliclla). White ribbed cocoons 

 about Vi inch long may be seen in clusters on smaller limbs of infested 

 trees. The small larvge mine the leaves and later feed externally. 



Treatment: spray infested foliage with poison in early June. 



6 Hose beetle {Macrodactylus siibspinosus). Greenish yellow beetles 

 about % inch long appear in swarms in May and attack the foliage of 

 various trees and vines. 



Treatment: spray beetles with % poimd whale oil soap to 1 gallon water, 

 dust vines with ashes, etc.; handpicking. 



7 Apple tree borer (Saperda Candida). " Sawdust " or diseased bark and 

 beneath the latter, legless, white, round headed borers. The brown beetles, 

 striped with white, about 1 inch long, occur from June to August. 



Treatment: protect base of tree with wire netting. Dig out the young 

 borers in the fall. Cut and burn badly infested trees. 



8 Pear midge {Diplosis pijrlvora). Dwarfed, deformed, fruit drops early, 

 and within occur thick-bodied, pale yellow maggots. 



Treatment: destroy infested fruit. 



9 Peach bark borer {Scoli/tns rugttlosus). Bark of affected trees punc- 

 tured with many small, circular holes, made by brownish black beetles, 

 less than % inch long. Inner portions of bark' and sap wood filled with 

 burrows. 



Treatment: burn badly infested trees. Apply carbolic soap wash to 

 trunks and limbs in early spring. 



10 Pear blight beetle (Xyleborus dispar). Bark of affected trees punc- 

 tured with many small, circular holes made by dark brown beetles about 

 % inch long. Inner portions of bark and sap wood filled with burrows. 



Treatment: burn badly infested trees. 



11 17-year Cicada {Cicada septendecim). Slit and broken twigs with wilt- 

 ing leaves are characteristic work of this insect, but unless the trees are 

 small not much damage is done. 



Treatment: avoid setting out trees in last few years before Cicadas are 

 due. 



