398 Bureau of Farmers' Institutes. 



in ten thousand. It may be carried from one tree to another on 

 the feet of birds or by insects, or through the action of the wind in 

 blowing leaves about. Fumigation is the best preventive, but it 

 may be carried to such an extent as to injure the nursery stock, 

 the gas being too strong. Care must be exercised in this fumi- 

 gating process to prevent that. There are other insects that in- 

 fest the trees which nursersmen are sending out that deserve 

 much attention, such as the bud-moth, canker-worm, codlin-moth 

 and others. Fumigation with the gas will dispose of those at the 

 same time it does with the San Jos6 and other scales. Therefore 

 he favored the process, when properly and carefully done. An- 

 other point: It is asserted that the nurseries of this state are 

 free of the San Jos^ scale, and no doubt the statement is true, but 

 there is not a nurseryman of any note in the state to-day who does 

 not sell stock he does not grow. While his own stock may be 

 free from the scale, that which he buys and sells again may be in- 

 fested with it. So, then, to be sure there are no injurious insects 

 of any species on this stock, he would have it fumigated with the 

 gas. 



Mr. S. D. Willard. — New York auction rooms are filled in the 

 spring and fall with nursery stock from other states with in- 

 spectors' cards attached, which are placed there during transit or 

 after the trees arrive, and yet upon examination by experts the 

 trees are found infested with the scale. This must be stopped. 

 We have scale enough now. It is on Long Island and in the 

 Hudson river valley, but I do not believe it is iu any of the nurser- 

 ies of the state. It is the stock from nurseries from other states 

 that must be looked after. New York, under the present law, is 

 the dumping ground of all other states which send out nursery 

 stock, and it is this which must be attended to. 



What causes blight on bean leaves? ' I 



Mr. Wilson. — I have been troubled with bean blight. I sup- 

 pose it is a germ disease. 



Mr. Harmon. — I think the trouble lies in overdoing the bean in- 

 dustry. We are growing crop after crop and putting but very 

 little fertilizer back in the land. If we would abandon bean cul- 



