150 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 



5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 

 RESULTS AXD CONCLUSIONS. ' 



Soda-Bordeaux. — (Spray ' A ') : — After two sprayings there was no apparent in- 

 jury to the foliage of apples, plums and cherries. 



Soda-Boraeaux with Paris green. — (Spray ' B ') : — Leaves of apple slightly 

 scorched at edges. Varieties were found to differ in their resisting power to the cor- 

 rosive action of this spray, but the results indicate that its use would be attended with 

 a considerable degree of danger in the apple orchard. 



The foliage of plums was decidedly scorched, though the injury was not very 

 serious. 



The cherries used in the experiment had their foliage slightly scorched. It was 

 evident that this spray could not be used on the cherry with safety. 



Soda-Bordeaux with Arsenite of Soda (Spray 'C')- — This mixture caused ex- 

 cessive injury on apples, plums, and cherries. The foliage in every instance was 

 scorched, subsequently becoming crisp and falling off. The damage was such as to 

 slaow conclusively that this spray is dangerous in the highest degree for all classes of 

 fruit trees. 



In a word. Burgundy mixture, pure and simple, has shown itself as far as our 

 experiments have gone, to be non-injurious to foliage. The addition of Paris green or 

 other arsenite, however, renders the spray corrosive and therefore dangerotis for 

 orchard use. 



When it is desired to use Paris green as an insecticide in the spray only Bordeaux 

 mixture made with lime should be employed. 



NEW FORMS OF KEROSENE EMULSION.* 



The desirability of obtaining emulsifying materials other than the solution of 

 whale oil or soft soap, materials that would not only lessen the expense of the spray, but 

 at the same time obviate the necessity of the application of heat, led Professor Close, of 

 the Delaware Experiment Station, to exijeriment with lime as an agent to hold the 

 kerosene in suspension. This Lime-kerosene emulsion, prepared according to direc- 

 tions, is very fairly stable, homogeneous, one easy to spray and one which does not 

 clog the nozzle. Briefly described. Prof. Close's directions are as follows : Mix into 

 a 'thin,' sloppy mass 1 lb. of Limoid (an American preparation for the purpose) or 

 the same quantity of good, freshly slaked lime with 1 quart of kerosene. For an 

 approximately ten per cent emulsion, two gallons of water (Imperial measure) are 

 then added and the whole emulsified by churning, say, for 5 minutes, best effected by 

 means. of a pump and a coarse nozzle. No free kerosene, he states, will appear for 

 several weeks, and though there may be a separation on standing into limey layers, 

 these will readily, if stirred, again produce the emulsion without deterioration. 



Lime Emulsion. — Since ' Limoid ' was specially recommended and was not obtain- 

 able in Canada, and numerous inquiries were being received as to the value of lime for 

 this purpose, a number of experiments were made in the farm laboratories from the 

 results of which the following im.portant conclusions were drawn. 



1. Freshly slaked lime makes a smoother and more lasting emulsion than ordinary 

 air-slaked lime — the latter, however, will make a satisfactory emulsion if it is not too 

 much carbonated by long exposure to the air. 



2. By employing lime slaked immediately before using, the quantity may be 

 materially reduced. A perfect emulsion can be made by slaking \ lb. of good quick 

 lime and emulsifying with 1 quart of kerosene and 2 gallons of water. This makes 

 an approximately 11 i)er cent emulsion, suitable for Aphis. 



*This investigation was made at the suggestion and with the co-operation of Mr. W. T. 

 Macoun, the Horticulturist, to whom my thanks are due for much valuable advice and assist- 

 ance. 



