182 EXPEJilMENTAL FARMS 



5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 



spector of Fruit Pests, reports the Lesser Apple Worm as abundant and destructive 

 at Kamloops and Trail, 



The San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comstock). — Much has been written 

 recently in newspapers and magazines on the San Jose Scale injury in Ontario, but 

 there is, as a matter of fact, little change in the condition of our orchards in Ontario 

 since last year. This in itself is. not satisfactory, because, where careful commercial 

 growers have attended to their orchards properly, and have used the recommended re- 

 medy, good clean crops have been harvested. There are, however, a great many small 

 gTowers and private individuals who do nothing at all against the scale, and conse- 

 quently it holds its own. The .Federal Government still maintains at considerable ex- 

 penditure fumigation stations, by which any danger of the introduction of infested 

 stock is prevented. The Provincial Government of Ontario and the leading nursery- 

 men are making every effort to avoid the distribution of infested nursery stock, and, if 

 a greater effort were put forth by all concerned, this dire enemy of the fruit grower 

 could certainly be reduced very much in numbers. 



I regret to have to state that I have this year received specimens of the San Jose 

 Scale from two localities in British Columbia. The attention of the Provincial Gov- 

 ernment has been drawn to the matter, and the few trees which are infested in both 

 cases will be destroyed before another season opens. The first of these was discovered 

 by Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, B.C., a keen entomologist and one therefore well able 

 to detect the enemy and give advice to the owner of the trees. It is satisfactory to find 

 that in both of these cases the trees have been planted for a long time and date back 

 previous to the enforcement of the San Jose Scale Act and the establishment of the 

 fumigating stations. 



For the San Jose Scale more careful treatment and persistent effort is necessary 

 than for many other insects the fruit growei< has to deal with. The standard remedy is 

 the lime and sulphur wash which has so often been mentioned in these reports and for 

 the making of which and instructions in its application, necessary information will be 

 given to any one who applies for them. Prof. J. B. Smith of New Jersey recommends 

 very highly two recently sent out proprietary mixtures : Kil-o-scale and Scalecide, 

 which have given good results with him. They are petroleum preparations which have 

 been prepared largely under Dr. Smith's supervision. 



The Codling Moth (Carpocapsa pomonella, L.). — The Codling Moth, which on the 

 whole, perhaps, is the worst enemy of the fruit grower, has levied a heavy toll as usual 

 in unsprayed orchards; but, wherever thorough work has been done in spraying re- 

 gularly with the poisoned Bordeaux mixture, good results have almost invariably 

 followed. In every part of eastern Canada where apples are grown, reports speak of 

 injury by this insect and, as is pointed out by the Rev. Father Burke, possibly the com- 

 parative scarcity of fruit this season makes the injury by the Codling Moth seem more 

 apparent. There is now not the slightest doubt that in all parts of Canada east of 

 Toronto spraying orchards regularly with poisoned Bordeaux mixture, three or four 

 times in spring, the first application to be made within a day or two after the blossoms 

 fall and the subsequent sprayings, each ten days apart, is a satisfactory and well paying 

 remedy for the Codling Moth. A striking inistance of the value of regular spraying, 

 year after. year, was this year to be seen in the orchard of the Central Experimental 

 Farm at Ottawa, where not an apple injured by the Codling Moth was to be found, 

 whereas, on the other hand, in orchards just close by, where no spraying had been done, 

 more than half the crop of apples was destroyed, also in the Botanic Garden, which 

 lies about half a mile on the opposite side of the orchard, in the collection of wild aj^ples 

 and crabs, the fruit was severely infested. These it had not been considered worth 

 while to spray, as the trees are merely grown for ornament. 



The Codling Moth is normally single brooded at Ottawa and the double brooded 

 habit of the species is not general east of Toronto. In 1905 I had an opportunity of 



