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THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE 



14. Animal diseases. — The animal diseases investigated by the 

 biological laboratory of this Bureau include hsemorrhagic 

 septicaemia, glanders, bronchopneumonia, surra, piroplasmosis, 

 and rinderpest. The preparation of antirinderpest serum and 

 investigations of rinderpest virus and serums and tests of the 

 efficiency of treatment with serum by the simultaneous method 

 with virus and serum have been carried on. The treatment of 

 surra with Ehrlich's new trypanocide, arsenophenolglycin, was 

 tested in a considerable series of experiments in the laboratory 

 and in the field by members of the staff, with better results than 

 had before been secured with other drugs or chemicals. 



15. Pathology and histology. — Besides the study of the pathol- 

 ogy of the tropical diseases, much special pathological inves- 

 tigation has been performed upon abnormal and morbid 

 conditions found in the course of many hundreds of autopsies. 

 A large series of histological examinations has been made upon 

 material from the surgical clinic of the Philippine General 

 Hospital. 



16. Immunity and tropical sanitation. — Substantial contribu- 

 tions have been made to the theory and practice of immunity. 

 The immune sera and bacterial products used in the therapy of, 

 and immunization against, infectious diseases prepared in the 

 serum laboratory of this Bureau and used for vaccination against 

 smallpox; antirabic treatment; bacterial inoculation against 

 cholera, plague, and typhoid; serum treatment of diphtheria 

 and tetanus; etc. have played no inconsiderable part in the 

 sanitation of the Philippines. Furthermore, numerous re- 

 searches have been contributed to our knowledge of the prepara- 

 tion, application, and efficiency of serum and vaccine immunity 

 and treatment of diseases. 



Back of all executive work and the application of scientific 

 measures for sanitation stands the laboratory, which must make 

 the diagnosis, develop the principles of scientific sanitary meas- 

 ures by experiment, and test the efficiency of the results. The 

 results of this work have assisted in reducing the death rate of 

 the tropical city of Manila below that of many cities in Europe 

 and the United States. The hundreds of thousands of laboratory 

 examinations and diagnoses of infectious diseases, the prepara- 

 tion of protective and curative sera and vaccines, and the 

 bacteriological examination of water supplies have contributed 

 immeasurably to this sanitary improvement. 



17. Mosquitoes. — Experiments at Olongapo, the United States 

 naval station, demonstrated the transmission of malaria by the 

 most prevalent species of anopheline mosquito of the Philippine 



