TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT 



23 



Islands, and sanitary measures looking to the eradication of 

 this mosquito have been put into effect, especially in Manila, 

 Iloilo, and Baguio, with results that can certainly never be 

 estimated or even approximated in money. 



The eradication of the night mosquito {Culex fatigans) , known 

 to carry filaria and to be a possible factor in dengue fever, has 

 been practically accomplished in Manila, Iloilo, and Baguio, and 

 Manila is free from this pest at the present time. As soon as 

 recommendations by us as to filling, draining, and building pre- 

 cautions are complied with, Manila will be a mosquito-free town. 



18. Household insects. — The pests of the household, such as 

 cockroaches, bedbugs, lice, and fleas, while present in all civilized 

 countries, are especially numerous in tropical countries owing 

 to climatic conditions favoring their uninterrupted multiplica- 

 tion. Advice has been given as to the most approved means of 

 attacking these pests. 



19. Flies. — While a pest to the householder, flies are really 

 more of a community insect in that they usually breed on 

 common dumping grounds of horse manure and garbage and 

 in certain articles in process of manufacture. Successful 

 campaigns under the direction of this Bureau have been waged 

 against this insect in Manila, Iloilo, Baguio, and Aparri. 



20. Animal parasites. — Our investigations have suggested 

 measures for the protection of cattle, carabaos, horses, dogs, and 

 other domestic animals from the parasites that infest them. 

 The Australian and not the American species of cattle tick is 

 the one commonly found in these Islands. Means of preventing 

 human myiasis frequently have been recommended. 



21. Termites. — In the Philippines as in all other tropical 

 countries, termites ("white ants") do incalculable damage to 

 commercial timbers of many kinds and to buildings constructed 

 in whole or in part of wood. They perform a wonderful and 

 little-known function in the rapid consumption of fallen timbers 

 in the forest, thus making room for new growth. The only 

 feasible methods of combating these pests are to use timbers 

 impregnated with some repellent, such as crude petroleum and 

 coal-tar products, and to destroy the underground nests in the 

 vicinity. No remedy except the removal of infested material 

 is known for termites once they get into sidings, moldings, 

 ceilings, and the like. Many private as well as public buildings 

 in Manila and in the provinces have been freed from this pest 

 by the methods suggested above. 



22. Locusts. — The so-called locust fungus was used by this 

 Bureau as early as 1901, as well as Coccobacillus acridiorum 



