34 THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE 



orange, lemon grass, vetiver, cinnamon, and ginger. Several of 

 these have commercial application in the perfume industry and 

 others in the manufacture of nonalcoholic beverages and fruit 

 flavors. Other oils investigated during the past few years com- 

 prise lumbang or candlenut, kapok, cashew, castor, cotton 

 seed, and physic nut. These represent a type derived from oil- 

 bearing seeds, and have a commercial importance of consid- 

 erable magnitude. 



53. Philippine foodstuffs. — The many unique and characteris- 

 tic foodstuffs used by the native population have received at- 

 tention, as well as the citrus and other fruits. The nutritive 

 value of these products is now known, and is available for 

 studying dietary questions of great practical importance. All 

 varieties of canned milks entering the Islands, as well as fresh 

 cows', goats', and carabaos' milks, have been included in this 

 study. The importance of this question in controlling and re- 

 ducing the high infant mortality can hardly be overestimated. 

 All data collected regarding food products are, moreover, of 

 utility in preparing standards for, and in enforcing, the Pure 

 Food and Drugs Act to protect the health and welfare of the 

 public. 



54. Opium. — The prevalence of opium and other drugs used 

 contrary to law in many sections more than justifies the re- 

 searches carried on regarding their detection and characteristics. 



55. Water. — This Bureau has made over 1,100 chemical and 

 bacteriological examinations of waters from various sources of 

 local supply. We have made thorough examinations of waters 

 from springs, dug wells, drilled wells, rivers, reservoirs, cisterns, 

 etc. ; and have passed judgment upon their state of pollution or 

 potability, their suitability for domestic and industrial use, or 

 their medicinal value. The question of health in the tropics 

 is largely a question of proper sanitation, and its principal ad- 

 junct is a good, potable, nonpolluted water supply. The purity of 

 the water supply is also an important direct financial considera- 

 tion, and, although few realize the great difference between the 

 commercial values of hard and soft water, large savings have 

 been effected by the substitution of a soft for a hard water supply 

 even at the cost of preliminary treatment. 



56. Soils. — The chemical and physical properties of Philippine 

 soils, and also some of the conditions which influence them, such 

 as, rainfall, humidity, the maximum and minimum air temper- 

 atures, the temperature under the surface, the amount of light 

 and sunshine, winds and the evaporation of the soil moisture, 

 exposure, and altitude, have been taken into account. All these 



