48 THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE 



was about 340,000,000 kilograms, valued at $18,582,000 (f=37,164,000). Ne- 

 gros and Panay have an annual production of about 250,000,000 kilograms, 

 worth about $12,500,000 (¥=25,000,000). Sugar cane is also grown on 

 Mindoro and Luzon. The annual production is about 70,000,000 kilograms, 

 valued at $5,000,000 (¥^10,000,000). From 20 to 35 per cent of the sucrose 

 is lost in many mills through poor milling and improper methods of han- 

 dling cane and juice. Opportunity for investment in modern central mills is 

 afforded. 



Nipa palm sugar. — The nipa palm, which grows in immense areas on tide 

 lands in various parts of the Philippine Islands, is the source of about 

 10,000,000 proof gallons of alcohol per annum. It has been shown that 

 nipa sap has a composition similar to that of the juice of the sugar cane 

 and that it can be more profitably used for the production of sugar than 

 for alcohol. There are large areas of nipa swamp that have never been 

 developed. 



Bu7-i palm sugar. — Excellent sugar is made from the sap of the buri palm, 

 but the product is absorbed by the local market. 



REFERENCES 



The sugar industry of the Island of Negros, Bureau of Science Publica- 

 tion No. 3. Extraction test of a modern sugar central, Philippine Journal 

 of Science, Sec. A (1912), vol. 7, No. 5, 357-369. Sugar-cane experiments, 

 Phil. Journ. Sci., Sec. A (1913), vol. 8, No. 3, 159-164. Harvesting unripe 

 sugar cane, Philippine Agricultural Review (1913), vol. 6, No. 7, 340-344. 

 Sugar production in the Philippines, Merchants' Association Review, Manila 

 (1911), vol. 1, No. 7, 2-7. Fabricacion del azucar de cana, Bureau of 

 Science pamphlet. Financial loss occasioned by harvesting unripe sugar 

 cane. Bureau of Science press bulletin 15. The manufactm-e of 96-degree 

 sugar, Bureau of Science press bulletin 50. The melting and reboiling of 

 muscavado sugar. Bureau of Science press bulletin 51. 



The nipa palm as a commercial source of sugar; consideration of the 

 principal difficulties encountered in collecting and preserving nipa palm 

 sap, Phil. Journ. Sci., Sec. A (1913), vol. 8, No. 6, 377-398. 



The manufacture of sugar from the sap of the buri palm, Phil. Journ. Sci., 

 Sec. A (1911), vol. 6, No. 3, 186-189. 



PHILIPPINE BUREAU OF SCIENCE CHART 2 



PHILIPPINE ALCOHOL AND BEVERAGES 



[See prints in photograph stand.] 



Alcohol. — Almost the entire insular production of alcohol — about 

 10,000,000 proof gallons per annum — is made from the sap of the nipa 

 palm. This palm grows wild in tide-water swamps. There are large areas 

 of nipa swamp land that have not been developed. The discard molasses 

 from the cane-sugar mills annually amounts to about 7,000,000 gallons. 

 This, if converted into alcohol, would produce 5,000,000 proof gallons. 



Palm, brandy. — Distilled spirits from the fermented sap of nipa and of 

 coconut palms, stored for five years in charred casks, are named "Philip- 

 pine coco palm brandy" and "Philippine nipa palm brandy." Analyses by 

 the Bureau of Science show that these products conform to the require- 

 ments of good brandy. 



