FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT 15 



with the Rockefeller International Health Commission, and Dr. 

 John A. Johnston has been acting in his stead. During the 

 absence of the Director of the Bureau, Doctor Johnston was 

 Acting Director. Since 1911 there have been three resignations 

 from the position of chief bacteriologist, the men leaving to accept 

 what to them were more attractive positions. The personnel 

 has been more and more reduced on account of resignations, on 

 account of a reduction of the number and salaries of positions 

 by the legislature, and on account of inability to fill vacancies 

 promptly. Dr. J. D. Jungmann, in charge of the clinical labor- 

 atory at the Philippine General Hospital, was transferred to the 

 Bureau of Health on January 1, 1915. Doctor Johnston went 

 on leave in October, 1915, and since that time the responsibility 

 for the work has been divided. Dr. Otto Schobl went on leave 

 in March and has been serving temporarily with the State 

 Quarantine Service in New York, assisting in the detection of 

 cholera carriers. He will sail on February 5, 1916, from San 

 Francisco on the return trip to Manila. Dr. Charles E. Gabel 

 was appointed assistant bacteriologist, and arrived here from 

 the United States on June 19. Dr. H. W. Wade, formerly 

 a bacteriologist of Charity Hospital, New Orleans, has been 

 appointed bacteriologist and pathologist and will sail from San 

 Francisco on January 1, 1916. 



Routine. — In cooperation with the Philippine Health Service, 

 by locating many of the sources of infectious diseases, we have 

 been able to avoid serious epidemics, such as those of plague, 

 cholera, typhoid, and dysentery, which have occurred in former 

 years. Since the first two months of the year there has not 

 been an unusual number of faeces examinations for cholera. It 

 is impossible to say how the necessary bacteriological laboratory 

 work could have been cared for during the past year, if there had 

 been a serious epidemic. With so many resignations the Bureau 

 would have been unable to perform the routine examinations 

 requested by the Bureau of Health except for the faithful per- 

 formance of much overtime work by the junior members of the 

 staff. In former years the Bureau of Science had sufficient per- 

 sonnel properly to combat any epidemic that might arise, and 

 when epidemics were under control the biological employees were 

 able to investigate the diseases of the Archipelago. As a result 

 of such investigations, diseases that were formerly formidable 

 are now controlled with little difficulty. Notably among such is 

 entamoebic dysentery. Also, through the diagnostic analyses of 

 this institution it was discovered that the spread of cholera 

 frequently and generally was through carriers rather than by 



