440 Bureau of Farmers' Institutes. 



column there was recognized two grades of butter, Orange County 

 and Western Dairy. Orange County meant butter made in that 

 part of the State, and Western Dairy meant butter from up 

 State, and possibly from Ohio and Michigan shipped down over 

 the old Erie canal and the Hudson river. And the industry 

 spread until the cow worked herself into every narrow valley 

 and on to each windy hilltop of that famous old dairy county 

 of Delaware. Westward the Star of Empire takes its way, and 

 westward the dairy cow took her march, through New York 

 State, into the western reserve, into Indiana and Michigan. And 

 all those years it had been a very pleasing superstition that suc- 

 cessful dairying must always be confined to the eastern States. 

 Men were glad to believe that there was something about the 

 water or the soil, or possibly the air which would forever keep 

 the co.w out of the valley of the Mississippi. But the industry 

 itself never recognized any such barriers. It has crossed the 

 Missouri and the rockies. It has gone to the Pacific and the 

 gulf of Mexico. It is not yet thirty years since butter went 

 west to Chicago and now the dairyman of Iowa and Illinois and 

 Minnesota and Wisconsin has challenged the dairyman of New 

 York, and has beaten him at his own game. 



Viewed from the standpoint of capital invested, what a wonder- 

 ful industry this dairy business has grown into. It is one of 

 the pathetic stories of the Pilgrim Fathers that for some years 

 there was only two or three cows in the whole colony. And 

 there is a pretty story of the delight of the demure Prisvilla 

 when at last her husband was able to tell her that he was the 

 owner of a whole cow for their very own. But to-day if we were 

 to decide to marshal all the cows of New York State into a monster 

 live-stock parade, and could start them out of Buffalo along the 

 line of the New York Central tracks, marching in close order, four 

 cows abreast, each cow pressing close on the heels of the one 

 ahead, the van of that great procession might march down Bat- 

 tery park in New York before t«he rear guard had left the city 

 by the lake; and bear in mind that this refers to the milch cows 

 of the Slaie of New York alone. 



We have seen that the development of dairying has been alone: 

 three separate lines, the supplying of milk, the making <>f cheese 

 ••Hid the manufacture of butter, and it seems to me that these 

 three lines represent different phases of progress. I want to 

 say, without offense to any one, that the selling of milk as usu- 



