Dairy Farming in Canada. 467 



By competent authorities in England it has been estimated that 

 the drainage in that country from November to March, carries off 

 to the sea a quantity of nitrates per acre sufficient for an average 



crop of wheat. 



To cite one instance in the Province of Ontario, the average 

 yield of fall wheat for five years in the whole province is reported 

 as 20.5 bushels per acre, and of oats, 34.5 bushels per acre. 



Progress in Canada. 



These natural resources have always been with us,, and what- 

 ever of progress has come has been due to the labors and intelli- 

 gence of a thrifty people. The difficulties in the way of successful 

 farming become greater and more numerous every year. These 

 are chiefly difficulties to be successfully overcome by good manage- 

 ment; and as the difficulties increase, so does the need for en- 

 larged knowledge and greater ability. Let me cite one instance 

 of increasing difficulties. V ■ - a 'h 



When dairy farming was begun in some parts of the Northwest 

 Territories about six years ago, we received the cream from one 

 farmer delivered in a fine, sweet condition, every fifth day during 

 the summer time. With even greater care in cooling and cleanli- 

 ness, cream from the same farm can now, with difficulty, be de- 

 livered in sweet condition every second or third day. The multi- 

 plication of bacterial forms of life causes the milk to sour more 

 quickly. So it is throughout the whole range of farming opera- 

 tions. Insect pests and weed pests, diseases of plants, and partial 

 exhaustion of the soil, are all serious difficulties which have to be 

 faced with increased intelligence and organized effort. The his- 

 tory of the development of dairying in Canada illustrates some of 

 the excellent results which can be obtained from intelligent organ- 

 ized effort. Organization is useful to bring about economical ways 

 of doing things; and such a subdivision of properly correlated 

 labor as to obtain the very best results in products, in profits, and 

 in increased ability on the part of the workers and the managers. 



Help from Government Sources. 



Porms of help which a government may with safety and benefit 

 give to people like Canadians are quite limited in their character, 

 although they may be applied in hundreds of various ways. I 

 think it was James Russell Lowell who said of those restlessly 

 energetic people who live to the south of us : " Every man is 



