RE PORT OF THE HORTICVLTIRIST 111 



SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 



lied and White Ash and Box Elde^\ — Are almost as tall as tlie American elm and 

 are all holding: their own. The dense shade of the box elder is what has done most to 

 injure the pines. 



Black Ash. — Is little more than half the height of the white. 



In addition to the foregoing, the following notes were taken in a mixed belt of 

 trees planted in the spring of 1888, the trees having had seventeen years' growth. The 

 foil in this belt was gravelly and well drained. The trees were planted 5 x 10 feet 

 apart : — 



European White Birch. — Are the tallest trees. 



Green ash, box elder, and Scotch pine are about equal in heij^lit. American pine 

 is from four to five feet shorter. 



Norway spruce, where it hi's liad a ehi'.ncc is considerably taller than Scotch pine, 

 and European larch is about the some height as Norway spruce. 



There were no American elms for comparison in this part of the belt. 



In another part of the bolt where the trees were planted 5x5 feet apart in the 

 spring of 18!)'>, the soil being sandy loam, well drained, with more or less limestone 

 tock in it, the .following notes were taken: — 



Austrian Pine. — ^Have nearly all been killed by the shade. 



Scotch Pine. — ^Where much shaded are very weak or dead. 



White Tine. — Has stood shade better in this belt than Scotch pine, but have not 

 grown as fast where not influenced by shade. 



Norway Spruce. — In this soil on account of its rapid growth has outstripped most 

 heavy foliaged trees and is among the leading ones. 



The American Elm. — Is not among the leading trees here and is barely holding 

 its own, and in some cases has been nearly or quite kiUed. The soil is evidently 

 not moist enough. 



Red Ash. — In this soil has not made rapid growth and many trees are dead. 



White Ash. — Is one of the leading trees. - 



European White Birch. — Is the tallest tree, but they are now beginning to die. 

 By 1906 most of the white birch were dead. 



White Oaks. — Have been killed by shade, but they appear to stand it very well as 

 trees are alive which are much shaded, although they are making little growth. 



The black walnut trees have shot up tall and straight and are among the leading 

 trees, but many were overshadowed before they got ahead and have been killed or are 

 barely alive. 



Bed Oak. — Has shot up well and is one of the leading trees. 



Rock Elm. — Has done well. 



Norway Maple. — Has shot up well and is one of the leading trees. 



Hard Maple. — Though slender is shooting up. 



Red Maple. — Side by side with Norway Maple is affected about the same by 

 shade aAd is about equal in height. Norway is, if anything, slightly leading and is the 

 more vigorous tree. 



White Spruce. — Though standing shade well, got behind in the race and is not a 

 leading tree. 



American Mountain Ash. — Stands shade well. 



After nineteen years' experience with many species of trees planted at different 

 distances apart, both in plantations of single species and where mixad. some con- 

 clusions have been drawn as to the best trees for the farmer to plant where the con- 

 ditions are somewhat like those at Ottawa. 



In our judgment, the average farmer of to-day should plant the trees which will. 

 be most likely to look after themselves the soonest, but which will not destroy ono 



