INDIANA IIORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 301 



when this is done, a plat is made of the orchard, sliowing just the location 

 of the trees, and there are two copies of that; one is deposited at the office 

 and the other is placed in the hands of the assistant in charge of the 

 treating. After the inspector has finished, the owner is notified of the 

 condition of his premises and ordered to treat it within a certain time. 

 If he does this, well and good; if he does not, or will not, then the 

 assistant in charge of the treatment, with a bundle of those copies, of those 

 maps of cases in that locality, carries out the system of treatment and the 

 owner of the premises is charged up with one-half of the total expense. 

 That is why we have been able to study this over so much and to go over 

 so large an area and learn so many little things about it we did not know 

 before, not so much with reference to the habits of the insect, as the treat- 

 ment of it. 



I would simply say in regard to the treatment that I have sprayed with 

 whale oil soap, using two pounds of soap to each gallon of water. That 

 makes a strong mixture, but we must get something that will penetrate 

 the covering and reach the insect imderneath. AVe have used soap for the 

 reason that in all of our treating, which means hundreds of thousands of 

 trees, in not a single instance have we done any damage. There has not 

 been a single complaint of any damage done. That is one point we have 

 learned. But there is another thing we have learned, and that is we must 

 not use whale oil mixture upon bearing peach trees in mid-winter. If 

 we use this preparation upon the bearing peach orchard before the buds 

 start in the spring, we will kill practically all the fruit in the orchard. If 

 we use it the same strength after the buds begin to swell in the spring, 

 after the time they begin to push out, we will do no damage whatever. 

 I do not know why that is true; but we never treat a bearing tree in a 

 peach orchard in the winter time, but let those go until spring and then 

 go after them in full force. You see that we can very easily do thou- 

 sands, yes, hundreds of thousands of dollars amount of damage if we did 

 not know that we must not use this mixture in mid-winter. 



President Hobbs: Does it affect the Japanese plilms and European 

 plums in the same way? 



I think it does affect plums a little, but I can not tell to what extent. 

 We have been pretty careful in regard to plums. I think plums, possibly 

 of the more tender varieties, and pears, also, are affected by it. 



There is another point in connection with this soap mixture, which 

 I will speak of now, and that is where we have used this in early spring 

 there is never any trouble with peach leaf curl. Even though the amount 

 used is not more than one pound to two or three gallons of water, there 

 is never any trouble with peach leaf curl after we have used the soap 

 mixture. 



We have gone into this treatment quite extensively. We have used 

 something like twenty tons of soap since last December. I had an equip- 



