316 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



in sound condition, and 2G were wormy. The uncovered tree, after the 

 fallen fruit was removed, August 29, carried 1,544 apples, of which 347 

 were sound when gathered and 145 were wormy. The summary would 

 read thus: Covered tree gave 507 sound and 120, 19.1 per cent., wormy; 

 the uncovered tree gave 452 sound and 1,092, 70.7 per cent., wormy. This, 

 I think, shows pretty clearly what the result would be if we could manage 

 the second brood of moths. 



You can spray your orchard carefully and effectually, but your neigh- 

 bor just over the fence will raise enough moths to bring on a second brood 

 that will do you a great deal of damage. This experiment was made to 

 show that. You can reach the second brood of moths when the calyx 

 end of the apple is turned outward, if you can get the poison there, and 

 we are trying this year an experiment we hope will do that very thing. 

 We are using, instead of paris green, arsenite of lead, something that ad- 

 heres to the tree. They are using it with Bordeaux mixture, trying to 

 iiot it in the calyx of the apple, liefore the calyx closes over, to see if it 

 will not kill the second brood. It is too early to see, because we have not 

 reached the time, but we will be able to say in a few days what effect 

 this has upon them. At the present time we can not say, but I can say 

 this, that since we have used the Bordeaux mixture and the arsenite of 

 lead, there was very much less fruit dropped from the trees where we 

 used the arsenite of lead. There is that difference in favor of the arsenite 

 of lead, although it is a little more expensive. 



If we can succeed in finding something that will protect the apple 

 from the second brood we will have to find something that will protect the 

 man who sprays from his neighbor who does not. 



I desire to speak a little further about this matter of spraying being 

 done by inexperienced men. It can be no better illustrated than by this: 

 People seem to think that spraying is something that can be done when 

 they have nothing else to do. I want to say to you in this connection 

 it is something you can not put off. You can not do that. When the 

 bloom falls off from the apple you will find the calyx open in that shape 

 (indicating); a little later it begins to draw in and continues until it is 

 closed so it is almost impossible to get the poison in. If you spray your 

 trees when the calyx is wide open and it catches the poison in it and it 

 fixes there until the calyx closes and covers it, then yoii have accom- 

 plished all that you can with one spraj^ing. If you let it go because some- 

 thing else is hurrying jau, thinking you can do it when you can not do 

 anything else, then you will see what a difference there will be. 



This is the very reason, more than anything else, we are coming to 

 the point where this work will be turned over to a professional man, a 

 professional sprayer. The time will come when we will turn the mat- 

 ter over to them and pay them so much a tree, and pay no more at- 

 tention to' it. You will get rid of that bother; you will know that it will 

 be done right and at the proper time. And what I said in regard to careful 



