420 BOARD OF AGKICULTUKE. 



runs down to the roots. The oil is thus unevenly distributed and unknown 

 quantities reach certain parts of the tree, resulting in local injury. Peach 

 trees are very tender and should be sprayed with more than ordinary 

 care. If whale oil soap is used the work should be done just as the buds 

 are swelling. The only safe way is to stop spraying before the material 

 begins to run, and this rule applies to diluted as well as to clear crude 

 petroleum. With a suitable pump, 25 to 50 per cent, crude petroleum can 

 be used safely and economically, but if this pump can not be relied upon 

 to give accurate percentages, then clear crude petroleum may be applied 

 with any pump. A nozzle which will give a fine spray is needed in all 

 cases. Choose a day for spraying with crude petroleum when evaporation 

 is rapid, as greater injury is done in damp than in drying weather. If 

 the sun shines and the wind is blowing all the better. A light wind is not 

 advantageous, but a brisk or high wind assists operations materially. 

 When there is no wind begin at the top of the tree, spraying around the 

 tree and work downward rather than upward. Avoid double applications, 

 such as may result by spraying up and down the tree. If the wind is 

 brisk hold the nozzle high and let the material drift through the trees. In 

 this way trees some distance away may be covered almost as well as those 

 nearby. The operator must shift his position and change the height of 

 the nozzle as experience shows to be necessary. When the wind changes 

 another application must be made on the other side of the trees. There 

 Is less danger of overspraying in a high wind than when the air is calm, 

 but there is also a greater probability of missing parts of trees. In 

 early spring, just before the buds open, is the best time to spray, although 

 no harm may be done if the work is performed earlier. The work can be 

 done much better if the ti*ees are first severely pruned by cutting off 

 the ends of the branches. In case trees are seriously infested this opera- 

 tion is necessary in order to secure good results, after removing one-third 

 or one-half of the top. Peach trees will endure very close pruning and no 

 harm will be done if the top is all cut away and a new one started. Close 

 pruning also assists the trees to recover from the weakening effects of the 

 scale. ' It is seldom advisable to destroy trees because of infestation, but 

 it is usually better to prune and treat than to dig out, because new trees 

 put in place of the old ones would soon become infested.— W. J. Green, 

 Ohio Experiment Station. 



VALUABLE REMEDY FOR CODLING MOTH. 



The spraying experiments here noted were made upon Winesap apple 

 trees about eighteen years old and from fifteen to twenty feet high. Just 

 before they blossomed the trees were sprayed May 4 with Bordeaux mix- 

 ture. The next two sprayings, those in which poison was used, were made 

 May 15 and May 20. The first just after the petals dropped and the lasc 

 just before the calyx closed. In both experiments the poisons were 



