660 BOARD OF AGRICULTUBE. 



In setting' trees 1 prefi-r to have the trees much closer in tlie row from 

 north to south than the other way. Then the top of the tree farthest 

 south will protect the body of the tree north of it from the noonday sun, 

 and in this way the entire row, except the south tree, is protected to a 

 great extent from suuscald. Head trees very low unless you have lum- 

 ber in view. Low headed trees protect body much better; wind has less 

 effect, and fruit can be gathered for half the sum compared with fruit 

 trees grown especially for saw logs. We now have extended tools for 

 cultivating orchards, and with the limbs to come down near the ground 

 all around the tree. In this way they do not break as they do if headed 

 high. I suppose no wide awake, successful orchardist would think of 

 even hauling a breaking plow into an orchard, to let alone the absurdity 

 of plowing an orchard with one; and you can not emphasize the above 

 statement too strongly. 



FORESTRY— PAST, rRE'SENT AND FUTUREi. 



J. W. PARKS, PLYMOUTH. 



[Read before Marshall County Farmers' Institute.] 



Forestry of today has but little similarity or relationship to the vast 

 forests in Indiana forty, fifty and sixty years ago. 



When the first white settlers came to northern Indiana, Marshall 

 County was mostly covered with a thick growth of timber. 



Upon the building of the railroads, sawmills sprang up in every 

 locality, and until the past few years the amount of timber shipped from 

 this county was something marvelous. I have heard it said that during 

 the ten years from 1850 to 1860 more than two thousand car loads of 

 lumber were shipped from Marshall County each year, bringing an enor- 

 mous sum of money. The slaughter of timber during these years was 

 like the mowing down of a vast army in a terrible battle, but as the 

 forests disappeared the finest cultivated lands have taken their place, 

 and there are now no better farms any^yhere than are found in Mar- 

 shall County. What is true as to the slaughter of timber in Marshall 

 Coimty is true within the whole confines of the United States. 



Forestry for a well-wooded country may mean Instruction, and rec- 

 ommendations for removing the original timber. For a woodless region 

 it may mean information for planting and growing forests. In other 

 localities with uniform conditions such as ours, it must mean all of these 

 and additional features as well. 



The procedure to be adopted in one region, can not be recommended 

 for another. Surrounding conditions of locality largely determine the 



