91 



Why do we graft ? Think a bit. If I sow seeds of a Baldwin 

 apple, I will probably have as many kinds of apples as I have trees. 

 Some of these apples may be like the Baldwin, and they may not. 

 That is, apple seeds do not reproduce the particular variety. They 

 will not be held to any stricter account than merely to produce 

 apples ; these apples may range all the way from toothsome 

 kinds to Ben Davis. The nurseryman knows this, and he 

 does not wait for the trees to bear in the hope that they 

 will produce something to his liking. So he grafts them 



when they still are young, — takes a 

 cion from the kind which he wishes to 

 perpetuate. So it happens that all the 

 Baldwins and Kings and Russets, and 

 all other named varieties, are growing 

 on alien roots ; and what kinds of 

 fruits these stocks would have pro- 

 duced, no one will ever know, because 

 their heads were cut off in their youth 

 and heads were put on to order. In 



IS^Pl / ^^^^^ ^^'^y apples and pears and plums 



^ w /^ ^^'^ peaches and cherries and apricots 5i.—Cion 



are propagated, for they will not grow /"'' ^^^'^*' 



Ti c ii- r. . 1 qrafting. 



readily from cuttings. But raspber- q i if 



ries and blackberries and gooseberries n a tvral 



and currants and grapes grow will- «^'-^- 



ingly from cuttings, and they are not grafted 



by the nurseryman. 



The forming, growing tissues of the trunk 



is the cambium, lying on the outside of the 



woody cylinder, beneath the bark. In order 



that union may take place, the cambium of the cion and the stock 



must come together. Therefore, the cion is set in the side of the 



stock. I once knew a man who believed that everything was 



designed for some useful purpose. The hole in the pitli bothered 



him, until he discovered that a cion just filled it. He grafted his 



trees accordingly ; but the experiment was productive of nothing 



except pithy remarks. 



483 



55.— Cleft-graft. One- 

 half natural size. 



