DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY 869 



SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 



and the number of flies emerging from each heap of manure treated or untreated was 

 counted. A full description of the experiments has been published (Joiirn. Economic 

 Entomloogy, vol. 7, -pp. 281-289). The results were as follows: — 



Number of flies 

 Treatment. emerged from manure. 



Untreated 13,332 



Zenoleum S,042 



Iron sulphate 7,850 



Chloride of lime (surface application) 5,943 



Chloride of lime (mixed) 4,627 



Kerosene emulsion 3,481 



While kerosene emulsion appeared to give the best results, this may have been 

 due to the greater amount of straw in the experiment and I should prefer the chloride of 

 lime. The treated manure will be tested during the coming season in regard to its 

 fertilizing properties. 



It may be added that a similar series of experiments was .carried out by the 

 Bureau of Entomology of the United States Department of Agriculture. Their 

 experiments conclusively demonstrated the superiority of borax (crude sodium 

 borate) or colemanite (calcium borate) over all other larvicides. This chemical 

 was not tried in our experiments at Ottawa. It was found that 0-G2 pound of borax 

 was sufiicient to kill all the larvse in 10 cubic feet (8 bushels of manure) ; the dry 

 borax is sprinkled on the manure and washed in with 2 or 3 gallons of water. 



Treatment of Ixsect-ixfested Flour Mills. 



In many parts of Ontario the Mediterranean Flour Moth (Ephesiia huehniella) 

 is responsible for heavy losses in flour and feed mills. Mr. Ross carried on experi- 

 ments on superheating as a method of ridding mills or stores of these insects in 

 preference to fumigation. A mill in Dundas, Out., in which the meal and flour 

 was found to be alive with the caterpillars, and the moths were flying around in 

 the bins, was selected. It was found that a temperature of 120° F., maintained for 

 at least, ten hours, would prove fatal to all eggs, caterpillars, and adults of Ephestia. 



Miscellaneous. 



Our inquiries in regard to the distribution of ticks in British Columbia, and 

 especially of Dermacentor venustus on account of its relation to the obscure disease 

 termed " tick paralysis " in children, have been continued, and additional data 

 have been secured. 



Following the discovery by Dr. S. Hadwen of the occurrence of the 

 Warble Fly, Hypodenna hovis, in Canada iu addition to //. lineata, which had 

 always been regarded as the common North American species, our studies of the 

 Canadian warble flies have been continued, and it has been found that Hypodenna 

 hovis is commonly distributed throughout Canada, in some parts of Avhich warble 

 flies appear to be increasing in number; their control, therefore, demands careful 

 attention, and especially is it necessary to secure co-operative effort among farmers 

 in destroying the warbles in the spring. 



VL— INSECTS AFFECTING GARDEN AND GREENHOUSE-. 



As opportunities occurred, investigations on greenhouse insects have been carried 

 on by Mr. Gibson at Otta.wa, and by Mr. W. A. Ross in Toronto and other places 

 in Ontario. Reference was made in my last report to the injuries of sowbugs. In 

 greenhouses in London, Ont., they attacked the seedlings of sweet peas, Asparagus 



Ottawa. 



