452 Report of the Department of Horticulture of the 



has appeared in AVasbingtou quite as distinct as Banks but 

 similar to it.^ 



Collamer is a bud-mutation from Twenty Ounce found in the 

 orchard of J. B. Collamer, Hilton, Xew York, sometime pre- 

 vious to 1900 in which year its propagation was begun. Colla- 

 mer differs from Twenty Ounce in bearing fruits more highly 

 colored, less mottled and striped, and more regular in shape. 

 The trees differ only in having twigs in the mutation more 

 deeply tinged with red. Mr. Grant Hitchings of South Onon- 

 daga, ^ew York, has another red bud-mutation from Twenty 

 Ounce, but so far no one has grown the Collamer and Hitchings 

 sports under conditions that would w^arrant making a distinction 

 between them. 



Red Russet is a well known bud-mutation of the Baldwin, 

 having appeared on a tree at Hampton Falls, Xew Hampshire, 

 about 1840. Instances are known in which both smooth and rus- 

 seted Baldwins are borne on the same tree. It is an interesting 

 fact that the Baldwin, the most largely cultivated apple on this 

 continent and under cultivation for at least 170 years, has given 

 but this one authentic variation and that by a bud-mutation — no 

 permanent selections having been made from the many fluctuating 

 variations. 



The study of these 698 varieties gives no evidence of seed- 

 mutations in aj)ples, and it seems to show that bud-mutations 

 have so far played a very small part in bringing into existence 

 varieties of apples. The few varieties known to have come from 

 bud-mutations differ from the sorts from which they sprang in 

 so few particulars — chiefly in color — that it can be but doubt- 

 fully said that new varieties so originate. Would it not be better 

 'to call them strains or races ? 



Deviations from the type which can be perpetuated as a new 

 race or variety of apples are exceedingly rare. In this fruit, 

 so far as they have been studied, they represent only modifiea- 



1 " Jii an orchard owned by Van Fent & Wipple on Orcas Island, San Juan 

 County, Washington, are fifty Gravenstein trees which liave been l)earing 

 al)out ten years. On one of these, starting from the main trunk and about 

 three feet from the ground, is a limb which from the time the tree com- 

 menced to bear, has produced beautiful red apples. We call the apple the 

 Ked Gravenstein, because it has the Gravenstein flavor, the Gravenstein 

 shape, the Gravenstein core, and ripens at about the same time. In fact it is 

 a Gravenstein in every way except color." From a circular sent out by the 

 Vineland 'Nursery Company, Clarkston, Washington, 1911. 



