New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 473 



this cross that the distinctive caljx end of the Ben Davis fruit 

 was markedly impressed on a majority of the oltspring. The 

 size of the fruit was not noticeably variable, as only two indi- 

 viduals out of the eleven dropped below the Mcintosh in size, 

 and one of these two possessed a remarkably small core and pro- 

 duced only a few seeds — perhaps a sufficient reason for its in- 

 ferior size. The remaining individuals average as large as the 

 Ben Davis and several surpassed the Mcintosh in size. Apples 

 from this cross are shown in Plates LX and LXI. 



Ben Davis X Green Xewtown produced thirteen individuals. 

 The size of the fruit in one of these seedlings is very large, being 

 one-half as large again as Ben Davis. In fact, half of these 

 seedlings average as large as Ben Davis and none of them fall 

 below the Green N^ewtown in size as can be seen in Plates LXII 

 and LXIII. In shape, six resemble Green Xewto\vn, three Ben 

 Davis and four an intermediate condition. 



Aciditij. — Acidity and sweetness are relative terms and un- 

 numbered gradations varying from one extreme to the other 

 occur. The separation of subacid from acid apples is difficult, 

 for under more favorable circumstances the acidity may decrease 

 to a marked degree. In this experiment all the parents are 

 subacid varieties, and from an examination of the following 

 data, it will be noted that sweet apples appear in the greater 

 part of the crosses. The numbers in most cases are too few to 

 expect an exact 3:1 ratio, yet the indications strongly favor such 

 an assumption. In the cases where sweet apples did not appear, 

 one must assume that the nonappearance is due either to chance 

 or that all subacid varieties do not carry sweetness as a recessive 

 character. This question can be settled only by further tests. 

 The facts are presented as they appear and conclusions are drawn 

 as far as the limited observations permit. 



Ben Davis X Jonathan, both parents being subacid, gave two 

 sweets and nine subacids, while Esopus X Jonathan produced 

 two subacids. In the first cross, one might interpret sweetness 

 or absence of acidity as a recessive to acidity — both parents 

 carrying sweetness. The expected ratio 3:1 is very closely ap- 

 proximated. The second of these crosses throws no light on this 

 assumption for the individuals are too few in number. 



