IN'ew York Agricultural Experiment Station. 197 



passed for the natural breaking down of the tissues due to age. 

 Such it may have been. It seems improbable that it could have 

 been due to heat and drought (commonly held to be the cause of tip 

 burn) because it did not appear until long after the hot, dry 

 weather had passed. Neither is there any evidence that it was 

 due to a parasitic organism. So far as could be determined none 

 of the spray mixtures burned the foliage at any time and none of 

 the injury can be attributed to that cause. 



Notwithstanding the scarcity of fungus and insect enemies the 

 beneficial influence of the bordeaux mixture began to be manifest 

 about the middle of September and, ultimately, became very 

 marked. Plants sprayed with bordeaux appeared larger than the 

 checks, were much freer from tip burn and lived longer. On 

 the other hand, lead benzoate had no influence either way while 

 lime-sulphur proved positively harmful. Lime-sulphur had a 

 dwarfing effect. Plants sprayed with it were considerably smaller 

 than check plants. How early this appeared we do not know. It 

 was first recognized on September 16. Even at that time it was 

 quite evident, but became more noticeable in October. That the 

 lime-sulphur plants were actually smaller than the check plants 

 there can be no doubt. Their stalks were shorter and of smaller 

 diameter. Whether the leaves, also, were of smaller average size 

 could not well be determined, owing to the numerous blemishes 

 caused by tip burn.* 



The lead benzoate, lime-sulphur and check rows appeared to be 

 equally affected by tip burn and died at the same time. They 

 died at the north (lower) end of the field between two and three 



1 Lime-sulphur may slightly afTect apple foliage in a similar manner. Dr. 

 H. S. Reed (The Country Gentleman 77:7, Jan. 27, 1912) says: "In the 

 spring when the leaves of certain varieties [of apple] are tender they may 

 be dwarfed by the spray. This is usually done by application before the 

 trees bloom. Lime-sulphur is especially likely to cause this dwarfing of the 

 leaves." In the spring of 1910 Mr. P. J. Parrott, Entomologist of this 

 Station, called our attention to a pronounced dwarfing of early-formed apple 

 leaves due to the use of lime-sulphur (1 to 40) in the Station orchard. 

 The dwarfed leaves showed no lesions of any kind. They had not been 

 burned by the spray. The damage done must have been very small. 



Hartzell (N. Y. [Statel Sta. Bui. 331:580) has described a dwarfing of 

 grape berries which he attributes to lime-sulphur with which the grapes had 

 been Bprayed. 



