New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 533 



crops when only one or two varieties are gro^\^l in an entire dis- 

 trict and all are being shipped to the same markets. On the other 

 hand he must not go to the other extreme and set too many va- 

 rieties unless these can be handled in car lots or disposed of 

 locally. 



Cross-polUnation. — Owing to the fact that certain varieties 

 ( self -sterile ) of grapes will not form marketable clusters when 

 planted by themselves, away from other varieties, it is necessary 

 that the prospective gi'ower learn whether the varieties he is set- 

 ting be self-fertile or self-sterile. If he is setting both, he should 

 alternate the two classes so as to insure pollen distribution from 

 the self-fertile to the self-sterile. The varieties given in this Cir- 

 cular are all self-fertile. Xever set varieties known to be self- 

 sterile in large solid blocks. 



Distance. — There are many recommendations as to distances 

 apart for rows and vines. iSome of the older vineyards are set 

 10 feet by 10 feet, but the prevailing distances are rov/s 9 feet 

 apart and vines 8 feet. A most suitable distance appears to be 

 81/2 feet by 8 feet, as an 81/3 foot row can be plowed most sat- 

 isfactorily with a three-gang plow by going twice through the row, 

 and the subsequent tillage with spring-tooth and disc may be 

 economically done. ]\fany of the newer vineyards are being set 

 8 feet by 6 feet, and some even 8 feet by 4 feet. In this instance 

 the grower plans to take out every other vine as soon as two or 

 three crops have been harvested ; or else to leave all and put up 

 but half the wood per vine that is usually put up where they are 

 8 feet by 8 feet. But observation has shown that orchardists who 

 have set trees closer than they should have been — intending to 

 remove alternate trees when they arrived at maturity — find it 

 exceedingly heartbreaking to remove a healthy bearing tree ; and 

 this, no doubt, will hold with the vineyardist who is setting 8 feet 

 by 4 feet with the intention of pulling out each alternate vine. 



Planting. — The field having been plowed in lands of the de- 

 sired width, stakes are now set in the furrow at the interval de- 

 cided upon for the vines in the row. These should be lined care- 

 fully each way. Then with the hoe and shovel, the hole is dug in 

 the bottom of the furrow with the stake as the center. This can 

 be readily done, as the plowing has loosened the soil. There is 

 not much danger of setting the vine too deep, but rather the other 

 extreme. The hole should be dug deep enough so that the bottom 



