254 Report of the Botanical Departaient of the 



The affected orchards near Sodus and those near Coxsackie, in 

 which the work on crown-rot was begun in late summer of 1909, were 

 visited but once in 1910. No additional trees were found affected 

 in the Sodus orchard, but several of the remaining diseased ones had 

 died. In the Coxsackie orchard only the two additional cases de- 

 scribed above were found though others may have occurred, since not 

 all of the trees were carefully examined below the surface of the 

 ground. Twenty more of the trees in this orchard, discussed in the 

 previous paper^ on the subject, were taken out in 1910 and about 

 twenty in 1911. The orchards around Geneva were under more con- 

 tinuous observation during 1910, but few new facts of any significance 

 were obtained from them. 



Some Branchport orchards. — The region about Branchport on 

 Keuka lake is principally a grape-growing locality, although many 

 small orchards may be seen there. About 3 miles west of the village 

 is a small orchard of about 300 trees (about 10 acres) which had been 

 set 9 years, 150 Ben Davis and the others Baldwin. The location 

 is uncommonly high and wind-exposed. The soil is rather gravelly; 

 though it seems fertile, for the trees look thrifty. The orchard had 

 been tilled and cropped every year. 



Considerable numbers of the trees were more or less severely 

 crown-rotted or dead, the two varieties being apparently about 

 equally affected. Some of the dead trees had been replaced by new 

 ones. They seem to have been injured during the winter of 1908-09, 

 i. e., after they had been set 5 years. Somewhere between 60 and 70 

 trees had been injured at the same time; and although the more 

 injured ones had thinner rolls of callus, they had the same number of 

 annual growth additions since the occurrence of the injury as were 

 present in the thicker rolls on the less injured trees. This is an 

 unusually high percentage of injured trees. 



The dead or decayed bark generally extended only about 2 to 



4 cm. above the surface of the ground, and quite often as much as 



5 to 6 cm. below ground. Only in the most severe cases were the 

 upper lateral roots decayed, yet most of the injured trees were rather 

 loose and more easily swayed by hand than normal ones. The trees 

 were headed or pruned up rather high. 



Twenty-one or more dead and dying trees were taken out in 1911. 

 All of the less injured ones looked practically normal at that time, 

 though small patches of bare wood, surrounded by thick rolls of 

 callus, still gave evidence of the former injury. No additional cases 

 of injury were found in 1911. 



About 2 miles south of the above orchard is another small one of 

 some 200 apple trees which had been set 18 years. It consisted of 

 50 trees each of Baldwin, Ben Davis, and Greening, 25 King and 

 12 each of Northern Spy and Spitzenburg. The orchard had usually 

 been cultivated and often cropped. It is located nearer the lake and 



iL. c, p. 391. 



