New York Agricultueal, Experiment Station. 256 



has a few acres of forest about 300 m. to the northwest which may- 

 give some protection from severe winds in winter. The soil is deeper 

 and less gravelly than in the first orchard described. Only Ben 

 Davis, King, and Spitzenburg had crown-rot. Twelve of the Ben 

 Davis, or 24 per ct., either died or had been more or less severely 

 affected by the disease. No very evident difference could be found 

 between the rigidity or resistance to swaying of the crown-rotted and 

 uninjured trees. Even severely injured trees bore nearly normal 

 crops during 1910, although a fev/ of them died in 1911. No new 

 cases developed in 1911. The rot in this case, as in the previous one, 

 was also just above the ground line. All told, about 6 per ct. of the 

 trees in this orchard were affected with crown-rot. 



The Junius orchard. — Not far from Junius, a railway station a few 

 miles north of Geneva, is another ten-acre apple orchard (300 trees, 

 mainly Greening, Baldwin and Northern Spy) which had been set 

 about 15 years. The soil is a sandy loam, lying very high and wind- 

 exposed. The orchard had been cultivated and cropped until 1909. 



The rot is often wholly above ground and somewhat canker-like, 

 but in some cases it is just at or below the surface of the soil. Several 

 of the tree trunks have the so-called "sun-scald" injuries on the 

 west or northwest sides, to such an extent as to result in numerous 

 irregular areas where the bare wood is exposed. The crown-rot in- 

 juries, when confined to small areas, are frequently also locahzed on 

 the west and east sides. But it appears that the distribution of the 

 larger lateral roots has something to do with the localization of the injuries, 

 as noted in the paper previously cited. ^ The injury inducing the rot 

 on these trees seems to have occurred during the winter of 1908-09. 



Nine of the crown-rotted trees, including both Northern Spy and 

 Greening, were either dead or will die soon; while most of the other 

 25 diseased ones seem to be recovering and will probably survive 

 several seasons. The orchard is growing well and yielding good crops. 



The Barnes orchards. — Two orchards were studied on the west 

 side of the southern end of Seneca lake: one had been set about 12 and 

 the other about 20 years. The trees were mostly Baldwin, Ben Davis 

 and Greening, with a less number of Northern Spy. The soil is a 

 rather thin, clay loam, with good drainage. There is no evident pro- 

 tection from the western winter winds. The orchards were plowed 

 once a year and cropped every season. 



About 4 per ct. of the trees in both orchards were crown-rotted, 

 but the affected ones among the Ben Davis and Baldwin were more 

 numerous than among Northern Spy and Greening. The initial in- 

 jury seemed to have occurred during the winter of 1906-07. Most 

 of the rot was several centimeters above the ground, although on a 

 Northern Spy tree an almost complete girdle of exposed, dead wood 

 was found just below the surface of the ground. In another instance 



"■L.c, pp. 390-91. 



