JSTew York Agricultural Experiment Station. 271 



half the loose bark was entirely dead and the remainder was evidently- 

 dying back to the limits of the loosened areas where a rim of callus 

 had already begun to form. 



The Hemlock orchards. — Near the eastern shore of Hemlock lake 

 on a high, clay ridge is a small apple orchard which had been set 5 

 years. The orchard had been thoroughly cultivated and fertilized 

 without being cropped, and the trees were large and thrifty looking 

 for that age. 



About 7 per ct. of them were injured at the surface of the ground. 

 But only on four was the bark loosened in the phloem region, when 

 the orchard was visited on June 5. A half dozen had large patches 

 of periderm with some adhering cortical parenchyma cleft and loosened 

 on the northwest side. The areas of bark loosened in the phloem 

 region extended less than half way round the trunks, and only half 

 the injured bark was dead. In spots where it was wholly separated 

 from the Yvood considerable regeneration or callus formation, of the 

 type shown on Plate IX, had occurred on the wood surface. On 

 two of them there was some regeneration on the imier side of the 

 loose bark somewhat like that shown on maples in Plate XX, but 

 only in small patches. But on one of the trees most of the callused 

 bark was evidently dying. It appeared as though the wound might 

 become a ragged one in the course of a year or so more, like the old 

 wound shown in figure A on Plate XIX. An irregular rusty looking 

 surface had developed on the exposed patches on trees with the peri- 

 derm loosened. The covering seemed to be made up of dead cortical 

 tissues and newly formed cork. 



In another small apple orchard on the same clay ridge and about 

 a mile south of the one described above, there were 5 trees with 

 yellowish foliage. They had apparently been set 8 years, and the 

 orchard had been cultivated and cropped. The diseased trees were 

 found to have crown-rot resulting from injuries which occurred 

 during the winter of 1909-10. Thej^ were all completely girdled at 

 the surface of the ground, and nearly all the dead bark had decayed, 

 leaving a smooth surface of dead wood exposed much like that shown 

 in figure B on Plate XVIII, except that the girdles were only about 

 one-eighth as wide. 



Some Glens Falls orchards. — In a wind-swept region a few miles 

 north of Glens Falls are a number of small bearing apple orchards 

 which were injured during the winter of 1910-11, but only two of 

 them were actually studied. One orchard which consisted of perhaps 

 two dozen trees of various ages and varieties adjoins farm buildings 

 on the west and had 5 or 6 injured trees, chiefly 10 or more years old. 

 The soil seemed productive and was under cultivation. 



Two of the affected trees were crown-rotted in narrow bands ex- 

 tending about half way round the trunk at the surface of the ground. 

 The initial injury on these seemed to have occurred during the winter 

 of 1909-10, The other affected trees were injured in the whiter of 



