272 Report of the Botanical Department of the 



1910-11, and their general appearence was normal. But the bark 

 was cleft and loosened on the north side as may be seen from figures 

 A and B on Plate XIV. The clefts did not extend the entire length 

 of the loosened area; for example, in the case shown in figure A the 

 bark was loosened or nearly so from a few centimeters above ground 

 up about twice the length of the cleft and nearly half way round the 

 trunk. About two-thirds of the loosened bark was still alive but in a 

 wilted condition. The portions around the clefts were dead and dry. 

 No definite regeneration had occurred between the bark and the wood 

 but considerable disorganized brown slime was present under it. 



Figure B shows a case where the bark was loosened higher up on the 

 trunk and where less than the circumference was involved. In this 

 instance the loosened bark was nearly all alive and the wood, except 

 that immediately under the cleft, was discolored but little and 

 seemed to be regenerating and apparently establishing new connec- 

 tions with the live bark in many places. No indications of corky 

 layers were noticed between the bark and wood, as was the case 

 in maples shown on Plates XX and XXIII. Otherwise these cases 

 were very similar to those so frequently found on maples. The 

 nature of the injury and the type of regeneration seen in figure B of 

 Plate XIV seemed more like that shown on Plate XII of the above 

 cited paper on crown-rot, and like that shown in figure B of Plate 

 XXII of the present paper. 



The other orchard studied is about 100 meters northeast of the 

 first one; it is in sod and seemed to have a more sheltered location. 

 The trees were mainly from 9 to 10 years old. The grower said that 

 they had been pruned very lightly until June, 1910, and January, 

 1911, when they were severely pruned. The soil was very compact 

 but apparently productive, for the grass and trees looked thrifty. 

 The trees were strongly rooted and stood firm. 



The orchard consisted of 89 trees of Baldwin, Northern Spy and 

 other varieties. Thirteen trees were completely girdled and 28 others 

 were less severely injured. The bark was cleft more or less on all 

 affected ones, but usually only a fraction of the length of the loosened 

 areas. Most of it was also partly alive, at least the part somewhat 

 removed from the clefts. The height of the girdles of loosened bark 

 varied much on different trees and sometimes they were much higher 

 on one side than on the other, as shown in figure A on Plate XV. 

 Those trees having only a slight injury most commonly had that on 

 the northwest side near the ground. But it was usually impossible 

 to say which side was most affected in case a tree was completely 

 girdled, unless the girdle was high on one side. Figures A and B 

 on Plate XV are typical examples of complete girdling. 



Figure A is an instance in which the greatest injury had occurred 

 on the northwest side, extending from the ground up to the branches; 

 while on the opposite side it extended only a few decimet(jrs above 

 the ground. There was a cleft in the bark on the northwest extending 



