274 Repoet of the Botanical Department of the 



Sphsropsis and Cytospora were found sporulating on much of the 

 loosened bark which had died, and occasionally Sphasropsis was also 

 present on bark that was loosened but not dead throughout. In a 

 few instances Sphceropsis was fruiting on dead patches of bark about 

 injured crotches. It appeared very probable, however, that the 

 fungi were only saprophytes in these cases because the bark was not 

 found injured beyond the first callus that had formed in early summer 

 under the loosened bark around the periphery of the initially injured 

 regions. 



The Interlaken orchards. — Along the western edge of Interlaken 

 is a small apple orchard which had been set two years. The land 

 has a gentle slope toward the north and is fully wind exposed on the 

 north, west, and southwest. It had been thoroughly cultivated. 



There were 60 trees of each of the f ollomng varieties : Hubbardston, 

 Mcintosh, Rome and Wealthy. When the orchard was visited on 

 August 5 the leaves on all but three trees had a normal color. On 

 these the foliage had a yellowish tint. The lower portion of the stem 

 of one of them is shown in figure C on Plate XVI. The three trees 

 with yellowish leaves were completely girdled as shown in this figure, 

 and apparently the injured region of bark was not wholly separated 

 from the wood for it was still adhering in many places although it was 

 much dried and wind-checked. A very thick roll of callus had formed 

 along the upper edge of the girdle but no regeneration occurred on the 

 wood of the injured region. The wood was much discolored to the 

 depth of over a centimeter. A fairly vigorous sprout had developed 

 from the stump of every girdled tree. 



Most of the other affected trees had injured areas often extending 

 as far as half way round the trunks, as shown in figure A of the above 

 plate, which was taken after removing the dry bark that was still 

 partially adhering to the dead wood underneath. None of the 

 affected trees showed regeneration except along the edges of live 

 bark as shown in A. 



The Hubbardston trees were apparently more susceptible than the 

 other varieties. The three discussed above were of that variety, and 

 20 others were less severely injured. Only 2 per ct. of each of the 

 other varieties were affected. 



About 2 miles farther northwest and not far from Lodi is an orchard 

 of about 17 acres which had also been set 2 years. The soil was 

 richer and the trees were larger than in the above orchard. It had 

 also been cultivated and cropped. On the south side is a dense old 

 apple orchard but otherwise the exposure was almost the same as 

 that of the one discussed above. 



It consisted of 200 trees each of Baldwin, Mcintosh and Wealthy; 

 175 Greenings, 100 Hubbardstons, and a few trees of some other 

 varieties. About 40 Hubbardston trees were injured on the north- 

 east side, but in most cases the affected areas covered less than half 

 the circumference of the stems just above the ground. On a few 



